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Comparative Study of Time Series Forecasting Models for COVID-19 Cases in India
Published in Dinesh C. S. Bisht, Mangey Ram, Recent Advances in Time Series Forecasting, 2021
Vasundhara Mahajan, Rishil Shah, Dharmik Bhatt, Darsh Patel, Prachi Agrawal, Lalit Tak
Coronavirus, or COVID-19, is a contagious respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a specific type of virus responsible for the current pandemic. This SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the same family as the MERS-CoV virus, responsible for the MERS outbreak in the past. Taxonomically speaking, this virus is a strain of SARSr-CoV. Its origins have a close genetic resemblance to bat coronaviruses, implying it may trace its roots to a bat-borne virus (Wikipedia contributors, 2020). The first case of this virus was reported in the Wuhan district of China in December 2019, which is also responsible for the name – Novel CoronaVirus – 19 (Geneva: WHO, 2020). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic on March 11, 2020 (Wikipedia contributors, 2020). As of November 4, 2020, the total number of cases worldwide is 47.5 million, with 31.6 million recoveries and 1.21 million deaths (Geneva: WHO, 2020).
ANFIS Algorithm-based Modeling and Forecasting of the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study in Tamil Nadu, India
Published in S. Prabha, P. Karthikeyan, K. Kamalanand, N. Selvaganesan, Computational Modelling and Imaging for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, 2021
M. Vijayakarthick, E. Sivaraman, S. Meyyappan, N. Vinoth
The novel Coronavirus was identified by Chinese authorities on 7 January 2020 and temporarily named “COVID-19”. Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that cause sickness varying from the ordinary cold to more severe diseases. This is a new strain that has never before been recognized in human beings (Organization WH 2019). On 11 February 2020, this new virus was subsequently named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Organization WH 2019). Based on the levels of spread and severity, on 11 March 2020, WHO made the observation that COVID-19 had the potential to be regarded as a pandemic (Organization WH 2020). The COVID-19 virus infects people of all age groups. The elderly and those who are being treated for underlying medical conditions are at a high risk of becoming prey to COVID-19.
AI and Immunology Considerations in Pandemics and SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19
Published in Louis J. Catania, AI for Immunology, 2021
Reported illnesses with the novel coronavirus have ranged from mild symptoms to severe illness and death for confirmed COVID-19 cases. The symptoms may appear 2–14 days after exposure (based on the incubation period of SARS-CoV viruses). Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Elderly and immune compromised patients are at greater risk for contracting the virus and for poor outcomes. However, significant numbers of young and healthy people are also being reported, though generally with better outcomes. Spread occurs through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on air quality index: a systematic review
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Mehrsa Drikvandi, Mahdis Goudarzi, Shahrzad Molavinia, Zeynab Baboli, Gholamreza Goudarzi
Health research has indicated that person-to-person transmission is the primary way for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread. Furthermore, sneezed and coughed droplet of infected individuals with SARS-CoV-2 play the most significant role in transmitting the novel coronavirus (Pramanik et al. 2022). Owing to the rapid spread of COVID-19 in many countries, the WHO has proposed emergency measures to control the propagation of SARS-CoV-2 (Chekir and Ben Salem 2021). Consequently, several countries have taken action to prevent the spread of the disease. These actions include suspensions of industrial activities and tourism, restrictions on public transportation, prohibitions on scientific, economic, educational, sporting, cultural, and religious activities, closure of schools and universities, implementation of social distancing measures, and general population lockdowns (Bratianu and Bejinaru 2021).
COVIDPRO-NET: a prognostic tool to detect COVID 19 patients from lung X-ray and CT images using transfer learning and Q-deformed entropy
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2023
Vijay R, Abhishek Kumar, Ankit Kumar, V D Ashok Kumar, Rajeshkumar K, V D Ambeth Kumar, Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar, Abirami A
The novel coronavirus (CoV) was found near the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China. They are named because of their distinctive crown-like appearance when viewed via a microscope (Paules et al., 2020). CoV is a dangerous virus that belongs to a wide family (Chen et al., 2020) that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV). World Health Organization taken it into consideration the outbreak as Public Health international and named it COVID-19. The global standard for diagnosis of CoV is real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) . The pervasive spread of CoV led to falling in economy of several nations, leading to a devastating effect on human life quality. The demographic conditions also play a significant role in the distributed spread of CoV in different countries such as population density, humidity, patient age and temperature.
Virtual screening of sulfur compounds of Allium against coronavirus proteases: E-Ajoene is a potential dual protease targeting covalent inhibitor
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2023
Shamasoddin Shekh, Smriti Moi, Konkallu Hanumae Gowd
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected >211 million people, caused 6.2 million confirmed deaths across the world and is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic [1–3]. The novel coronavirus SARS–CoV-2 is a highly transmittable virus that spreads through aerosols of cold and cough of the infected person and has spread across > 218 countries from the site of its origin at Wuhan, China [4–6]. The severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the repurposing of existing drugs for its treatment, [7–9] the development of indigenous vaccines against coronavirus 2 [10,11] and enforced launch of special programs such as the Coronavirus Treatment Accelerated Program (CTAP) [12]. The COVID-19 vaccines have greatly attenuated the health risk and drastically lowered the fatality rate, but, still, COVID-19 is of high concern due to the lack of vaccines for children, vaccines will not be 100% effective, and vaccinated individuals with comorbidities are still at risk [13–16]. The two proteases of coronavirus 2, main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro), are critical for virus replication and remained attractive targets for drug discovery against COVID-19 [17–21]. These proteases cleave the two-long polyprotein pp1a and pp1ab into 16 small proteins that constitute non-structural proteins which are integral components for virus assembly and replication [22–24]. The papain-like protease is further involved in the modulation of the host immune system by cleaving ubiquitin and ISG15, which are regulators of the innate immune pathway [25,26]. Remarkably, both Mpro and PLpro are cysteine proteases and contain cysteine thiol at the active site: Cys-145 and His-41 are active site dyad motifs of Mpro [27,28] the Cys-111, His-272, and Asp-286 are active site triad motif of PLpro [19]. The common presence of cysteine residue at the active site of both proteases permits for the identification of dual protease modifying drugs that could covalently modify the active site cysteine thiols. The dual proteases targeting inhibitors may have a better opportunity in drug development as they pronouncedly attenuate the viral load and may allow the immune system to fight against the deadly COVID-19 disease [29–32].