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The Challenges of Monitoring Physical Activity in Children with Wearable Sensor Technologies
Published in Daniel Tze Huei Lai, Rezaul Begg, Marimuthu Palaniswami, Healthcare Sensor Networks, 2016
Gita Pendhakar, Daniel T.H. Lai, Alistair Shilton, Remco Polman
ITW children are children who do not have any medical conditions; however, they still walk with their feet strongly plantar flexed (Caselli, Rzonca, and Lue 1988). Idiopathic toe walkers are diagnosed by excluding all known causes of toe walking including neuromuscular and orthopaedic disorders and physical injuries caused by accidents. A thorough medical history, gait evaluation, musculoskeletal examination and neurological examination are necessary to distinguish an ITW child from a toe walking child with any of the previously mentioned conditions (Caselli et al. 1988). The severity of toe walking varies from a gait where the children walk with their heels lifted just off the ground and appear to “bounce” as they walk to a gait where they balance on the tips of their toes as they walk and the heels are never placed on the ground even when they are standing still. They are often able to place the heels on the ground if they want to, but, if left unsupervised, they re-adopt a plantar flexed posture during walking. Toe walking in ITW children invariably is symmetrical in involvement (Patrick, Ugo, and Kerrigan 2001).
Central nervous system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The majority of acute and chronic headaches are due to causes not demonstrable on imaging, despite which many patients are subjected to routine CT or MRI at significant cost [39]. In addition to the financial burden on health services, CT and particularly MRI may yield incidental findings that can cause unnecessary concern for the patient [40]. Neuroimaging is not recommended for headache in the absence of abnormality on neurological examination [40; 41], or numerous so-called red flag signs of possible underlying primary cause, including a history of malignancy known to metastasise to the brain [41]. If neuroimaging is to be performed the greater sensitivity and specificity of MRI make it the preferred choice.
The New Zealand Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Study (FTDGeNZ): a longitudinal study of pre-symptomatic biomarkers
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2023
Brigid Ryan, Ashleigh O’Mara Baker, Christina Ilse, Kiri L. Brickell, Hannah M. Kersten, Joanna M. Williams, Donna Rose Addis, Lynette J. Tippett, Maurice A. Curtis
The physical examination assessed weight, height, body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), supine/standing blood pressure and heart rate, and temperature. The neurological examination assessed cranial nerves, limbs, reflexes, sensation, and gait.