China 
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Nanotechnology and Probiotics
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Natália Cruz-Martins, Biogenic Nanomaterials, 2023
Francine Schütz, Sofia Pinheiro, Rita Oliveira, Pedro Barata
On the other side, probiotic intervention has proven useful in the adjunctive treatment and prevention of various GI diseases, i.e., irritable bowel syndrome (Didari et al., 2015), necrotizing enterocolitis (Thomas et al., 2017), inflammatory bowel disease (Derwa et al., 2017), prophylaxis of Helicobacter pylori infection (Chakravarty and Gaur, 2019), constipation (Martínez-Martínez et al., 2017), antibiotic-associated diarrhea (Mantegazza et al., 2018), radiotherapy-induced diarrhea (Qiu et al., 2019), Clostridium diffcile-associated diarrhea (Hudson et al., 2019) and travelers’ diarrhea (McFarland and Goh, 2019). Additionally, probiotic intervention has proven beneficial for preventing and treating allergic disorders, such as eczema (Akelma and Topçu, 2016), at the same time that improves symptoms and the quality-of-life of allergic rhinitis patients (Zajac et al., 2015). Moreover, the administration of probiotics during the prenatal period and/or breastfeeding mothers and their infants during the postnatal period has been associated with a decreased incidence of eczema in children (Sohn and Underwood, 2017). In addition, some evidence has also shown that children with cow’s milk allergy demonstrate symptom relief following probiotics supplementation (Tan-Lim and Esteban-Ipac, 2017).
Probiotics for humans: hoax, hype, hope, or help
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2020
Julian Crane, Christine Barthow, Janice Kang, Fiona Hood, Thorsten Stanley, Kristin Wickens
One of the most common reasons that consumers use probiotics is to maintain and improve their gut health. This may be because of non-specific symptoms such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome, for antibiotic related diarrhoea, traveller’s diarrhoea or non-specific infective episodes of diarrhoea, or simply taken in the belief that probiotics will maintain a healthy gut microbiota, though as yet it is unknown exactly what a healthy microbiota should look like, although diversity, richness and microbial resilience are thought to be important features for health (Tuddenham and Sears 2015). Ritchie and Romanuk, undertook a meta-analysis of eight gastrointestinal conditions (Pouchitis, Infectious diarrhoea, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Helicobacter pylori, Clostridiodes difficile Disease, Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea, Traveller’s Diarrhoea, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)) involving 11 probiotic species in 74 studies of more than 10,000 subjects (Ritchie and Romanuk 2012). They found a significant effect across all eight conditions, pooled RR 0.59 (CI 0.51–0.65). They also observed a positive effect of the length of probiotic treatment. Interestingly when looking separately at individual conditions they found that Traveller’s Diarrhoea and NEC did not show a significant effect of probiotics.