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Injection Materials for the Larynx
Published in Gilson Khang, Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2017
Dong Wook Kim, Seong Keun Kwon
Glottal insufficiency resulting from vocal fold paralysis (VFP) causes numerous voice complaints, including vocal fatigue, hoarseness, loss of projection, and breathiness. Dysphagia often occurs with VFP and paresis. The most common etiology of VFP is iatrogenic nerve injury. Surgical procedures commonly associated with iatrogenic VFP include thyroidectomy/parathyroidectomy, anterior cervical disc surgery, esophagectomy, thymectomy, neck dissection, carotid endarterectomy, mediastinoscopy, and cardiothoracic surgery, including aortic surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, and pulmonary lobar resection. Endotracheal intubation, prolonged nasogastric tube placement, and even esophageal stethoscope placement have all been implicated as occasional causes of VFP.1,2,3,4,5Various techniques, including laryngeal framework surgery and injection laryngoplasty, have been applied in the management of VFP and resultant glottal insufficiency.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the parotid gland
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
The clinically negative (N0) neck management is still challenging. It’s well established that presence of regional metastasis is an indication for therapeutic neck dissection; however most experts strongly recommend elective neck dissection (END) in the management of clinically negative (N0) neck (Armstrong et al., 1992) although the effectiveness of the elective neck treatment (radiotherapy or neck dissection) are limited on survival rate (Zbaren et al., 2005; Armstrong et al., 1992).
Percutaneous laser ablation of cervical metastatic lymph nodes in papillary thyroid carcinoma: clinical efficacy and anatomical considerations
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Eleftherios Spartalis, Sotirios P. Karagiannis, Nikolaos Plakopitis, Maria Anna Theodori, Dimitrios I. Athanasiadis, Dimitrios Schizas, Michael Spartalis, Theodore Troupis
Initial management comprises surgical and radioiodine (RAI) treatment; in the presence of local lymph node disease, neck dissection is also performed [1,7]. However, about 20% of patients develop local post-operative recurrences [4,5,7,9,9]. The standard of care for recurrent nodal disease is surgery [1,3–5,7,9]. Nevertheless, re-operation holds a higher complication rate than primary surgery, due to tissue distortion from previous scarring [1,3–5,7,9]; thus, active surveillance is preferable for smaller lesions [3]. RAI treatment is ineffective for patients with scant 131 iodine (131I) uptake [3,7,10].