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Toxic Responses of the Lung
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
The nose consists of an external and internal portion. The upper part of the external portion is held in a fixed position by the supporting nasal bones that form the bridge of the nose. The lower portion is movable because of its pliable framework of fibrous tissue, cartilage, and skin. The internal portion of the nose lies within the skull between the base of the cranium and the roof of the mouth, and is in front of the nasopharynx. The nasal septum is a narrow partition that divides the nose into right and left nasal cavities. The nasal cavities open into the nasopharynx. The vestibule of each cavity is the dilated portion just inside the nostril. Toward the front, the lining of the vestibule is lined with skin and represents a ring of coarse hairs which serve to trap dust particles. Toward the rear, the lining of the vestibule changes from skin to a highly vascular ciliated mucous membrane, called the nasal mucosa, which lines the rest of the nasal cavity.
Structural characterization and in vitro immunogenicity evaluation of amphibian-derived collagen type II from the cartilage of Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus)
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Jianlin Luo, Xiaojing Yang, Yu Cao, Guoyong Li, Yonglu Meng, Can Li
The most common cartilage source for CT-II extraction is the terrestrial animal tissue such as porcine articular cartilage, chicken sternum cartilage, and bovine nasal septum because their availability and low cost, however, the clinical applications of CT-II from these tissues were restricted by the immune responses, the carried transmissible virus, and the religious factors. More researchers paid their attentions into aquatic animal resources. The aquatic animal cartilage can be obtained from the head and feet of cephalopoda mollusk such as octopus and inkfish, and the skeleton of cartilaginous fish such as shark and smooth skate. Collagen from the cartilage of sepia officinalis [4], sturgeon [5], squid [6], and shark [7] has been isolated and identified. However, these cartilage resources cannot meet the need for market consumption, resulting in the inordinately expensive commercial CT-II. Accordingly, there is a need to explore alternative cartilage sources that have high safety and no risk of transmissible viruses.
Development of arginine-glycine-aspartate-immobilized 3D printed poly(propylene fumarate) scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Chi Bum Ahn, Youngjo Kim, Sung Jean Park, Yongsung Hwang, Jin Woo Lee
Chondrocytes were isolated from a piece of human nasal septum cartilage removed during nasal reconstruction surgery. Due to the limited access to the donated tissues, we have used cartilage tissue from a single donor. This study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the institutional review board at Gachon University Gil Medical Center. Briefly, cartilage pieces were dissected into 1 mm3 size cubes and digested in 0.1% collagenase type II solution (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 16 h at 37 °C. The digest was filtered through a 70 μm cell strainer (Falcon, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min to isolate the chondrocytes. The isolated cells were seeded onto RGD peptide-immobilized p(PF-co-DEF) scaffolds at the density of ~105 cells (re-suspended in 10 μl) per each construct. The seeded chondrocytes were cultured in growth medium containing 10% FBS, 0.04 mM l-proline, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, 0.1 mM nonessential aminoacid, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin in DMEM. The medium was changed every 2–3 days.
Visco-elastic behavior of articular cartilage under applied magnetic field and strain-dependent permeability
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
They used the resulting linear equations successfully in addressing the problems of one-dimensional confined compression stress relaxation behavior of cartilage tissues, meniscus, and nasal septum, although these restrictions were quite severe. Using these assumptions, they find the permeability constant that made an excellent agreement with the available experimental data (Mansour and Mow, 1976; Mccutchen, 1962). On the other hand, Lia and coauthor (Lai et al., 1981) gave a detailed comparison between stress relaxation experiments with biphasic linear mixture theory findings. They had proved that certain inconsistencies occur when the theory was generalized to include the non-linear strain-dependent permeability relationship given in equation (1). Thus in the present study, we will extend linear theory by including non-linear permeability function in the presence of magnetic fields. In the following, the Maxwell, and Ohm’s law are given, which were used in simplifying the expression later on where μc correspond to the permittivity of the medium, E is the electric field intensity, and σ0 is the electric conductivity of the charged fluid. The expression can be written as where i.e., B is sum of the applied and induced magnetic fields. The contribution of induced magnetic field () may be ignored due to the low magnetic field Reynold number approximation. Thus, equation (10) for negligible induced magnetic and electric can be written as