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Optimisation of an RO-Based Wastewater Treatment Process Using Genetic Algorithms
Published in Mudhar Al-Obaidi, Chakib Kara-Zaitri, I. M. Mujtaba, Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process, 2020
Mudhar Al-Obaidi, Chakib Kara-Zaitri, I. M. Mujtaba
As mentioned in earlier chapters, N-nitrosamine compounds and especially N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) are human carcinogens, which can exist in very low concentrations in industrial effluents of many applications (Krauss et al., 2010). Al-Obaidi et al. (2018) used a simple mathematical model of several equations collected from Al-Obaidi et al. models to simulate the performance of a spiral wound RO process for the removal of NDMA from wastewater. The model developed incorporated SCGA to optimise the NDMA rejection and minimise the energy consumption for several configurations of multi-stage RO process. The operating pressure, flow rate, and temperature were selected as the decision variables. Interestingly, the SCGA provided several optimum solutions for each optimisation problem, and this provided a choice for selecting the most suitable solution.
Biomembrane-Based Technology for the Efficient Removal of Industrial Effluents
Published in Maulin P. Shah, Removal of Refractory Pollutants from Wastewater Treatment Plants, 2021
Reverse osmosis has gained popularity in the recent years for the purification of drinking water. Reverse osmosis is combined with nanofiltration for the treatment of potential effluent pollutants from industrial wastewater treatment (Wang et al. 2018). N-nitroso dimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosamine are potential carcinogens which are usually found in wastewater (Mitch et al. 2003). The toxic level of NDMA in potable water is estimated at 10 ng/L. In a study it was observed that the solid phase extraction (SPE) method was successfully used for the detection of NDMA. The use of reverse osmosis combined with thin-film composite membranes showed a rejection rate of ~50–60% (Plumlee et al. 2008).
Perspectives on trace chemical safety and chemophobia: risk communication and risk management
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Byung-Mu Lee, Seok Kwon, Yun Mi Cho, Kyu-Bong Kim, Kyungwon Seo, Choong Sik Min, Kyoungeun Kim
Nitrosamines, such as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA, Group 2A), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDEA, Group 2A), and N-nitrosodimethanolamine (NDELA, Group 2B), are often detected in consumer products and classified as probable (Group 2A) or possible (Group 2B) human carcinogens by IARC (IARC 2018; Lim et al. 2018b). The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) suggested in 2012 that a limit of 50 µg/kg for nitrosamines needs to be applied to both raw materials and finished products (SCCS 2012). In 2018, the anti-hypertensive drug valsartan was recalled from the market in many countries including Asia (South Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan, etc.), Europe (Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, etc.), and North America (Canada, USA).
Adsorption of N,N-dimethylamine from aqueous solutions by a metal organic framework, MOF – 235
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2019
Rodrigo Beltrán-Suito, Angela Pinedo-Flores, Fabiola Bravo-Hualpa, Jorge Ramos-Muñoz, María del Rosario Sun-Kou
DMA is a pollutant produced as a byproduct by chemical and pharmaceutical companies and is a precursor for the carcinogenic compound NDMA (N-nitrosodimethylamine).[1] Common decontamination methods may increase levels of NDMA[2] while effective treatment proves costly and requires sophisticated infrastructure. Thus, novel methods of removal are in demand. Under the pressure to develop methods to eliminate DMA, various strategies have been developed including photocatalytic degradation,[3] mineralization, and adsorption on resins.[4] However, these methods fail to attain a complete removal of DMA.