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Reproductive system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The ovaries are paired organs that lie on either side of the uterus adjacent to the lateral pelvic wall. The paired uterine (fallopian) tubes measure approximately 10 cm in length and connect the lateral margin of the fundus of the uterus with the ovaries (Fig. 8.1a). The uterus is situated posterior to the bladder (Fig. 8.1b) and anterior to the rectum. It is divided into three portions: the body, the cervix and the fundus. The body of the uterus comprises three layers: Perimetrium – a covering of peritoneum.Myometrium – a thick muscle layer.Endometrium – the lining of the uterus.
Efficacy of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped gold nanorods against 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oviduct and endometrial cancers in albino rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Hend Gamal, Walid Tawfik, Hassan H El-Sayyad, Heba Mohamed Fahmy, Ahmed N. Emam, Heba A El-Ghaweet
Several layers were visible including perimetrium, myometrium with aberrant thickness and endometrium with leukocytic infiltration. The observed results above for the oviduct have been supported by an increase in the immunohistochemical reactivity of the apoptosis marker caspase-3 and the proliferative activity marker Ki-67 [31,32]. All layers showed improvement following treatment with PVP-capped AuNRs. Also, the current study observed increased uterine levels of caspase-3 immunohistochemistry and Ki-67, which is also employed as a possible lively intermediary or replacement marker for therapy success signaling the activation of uterine wall damage. In the current investigation, PVP-capped AuNRs in the oviduct and endometrium of female rats subjected to DMBA carcinogenesis had a protective effect.
The role of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on female fertility: A review
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Pooja Jangid, Umesh Rai, Radhey Shyam Sharma, Rajeev Singh
EMR has an adverse effect on the endometrial tissue. According to a study conducted by Guney et al. (2007), 900 MHz EMR exposure in rats could decrease the endometrial activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase and increase the endometrial levels nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. The authors observed histopathological changes in the endometrium and the presence of diffuse and severe apoptosis in the endometrial surface epithelial cells, stromal cells, and the glandular cells in the exposed group (Guney et al. 2007). Oral et al. (2006) also showed similar effects of mobile phone radiation on rat endometrial tissue. It has been reported that exposure to 1800 MHz radiation caused a reduction in the uterus diameter as well as in the thickness of the endometrium and myometrium (Figure 2) (Shahin et al. 2017).
Uterine bioimpedance combined with artificial intelligence as a means of cancer detection
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2021
Shabnam Gupta, Andres Vargas, Gary Saulnier, Jonathan Newell, Christian Faaborg-Andersen, Robert S. Kelley
Pattern recognition has become an area of high interest for artificial intelligence applications in medicine as they can yield accurate and efficient results [14]. One such application is multiple instance learning [15]. This is a form of supervised machine learning where an algorithm learns to assign a label to a particular group (in our case an organ) based on its contents (bioimpedance data from a variety of locations) [16]. Our initial observations with this technique using a simple dual-needle probe revealed an increasing conductivity for malignant uterine tissue invasion [17]. One issue with our previous technique is that the placement of the needles often times did not reach the endometrium, especially through a thicker myometrium. For this study, we have designed a combined internal electrode probe with external electrode calliper to measure complex conductivity of the uterus from endometrium to serosa. We use this tool and multiple instance learning to compare bioimpedance of benign and malignant uteruses at the time of hysterectomy.