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Ambulatory and Remote Monitoring of Parkinson’s Disease Motor Symptoms
Published in Daniel Tze Huei Lai, Rezaul Begg, Marimuthu Palaniswami, Healthcare Sensor Networks, 2016
Joseph P. Giuffrida, Edward J. Rapp
Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affects the motor system and is characterized by cardinal symptoms in the upper and lower extremities of tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity of musculature. While many treatment interventions focus on the cardinal motor symptoms, Parkinson’s disease can also affect gait and balance, speech, olfaction, sleep and cognition. Currently, in the United States, there are over one million people living with Parkinson’s disease, and 50,000 new cases are reported each year (Davis, Edin, and Allen 2010). The disease onset most frequently occurs between 50 and 65 years of age (Davis, Edin, and Allen 2010). As the world’s population continues to increase and people live longer, with no cure or existing technology to accurately diagnose Parkinson’s, the incidence should continue to increase, creating a significant and growing market for movement disorder treatments and diagnostic systems.
A Survey of Technologies Facilitating Home and Community-Based Stroke Rehabilitation
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Xiaohua Sun, Jiayan Ding, Yixuan Dong, Xinda Ma, Ran Wang, Kailun Jin, Hexin Zhang, Yiwen Zhang
According to previous study, there are a plethora of rehabilitation treatments using serious games. Serious games can boost the activity of the motor cortex in the cerebral cortex and encourage the development of nerves in the motor system (L. Ma et al., 2018). Its immersive and entertaining nature increases the patient’s enthusiasm for rehabilitation, preventing long-term training from becoming tiresome.
Muscle coordination during archery shooting: A comparison of archers with different skill levels
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Zhang Baifa, Zhou Xinglong, Luo Dongmei
In the 1990s, Bizzi and his colleagues (Bizzi & Cheung, 2013; Cheung, d'Avella, Tresch, & Bizzi, 2005; d'Avella, Saltiel, & Bizzi, 2003) have hypothesised that the central nervous system handles the “degrees of freedom problem” of the motor system with a hierarchical architecture based on combining muscles into discrete modules called muscle synergies. Muscle synergies are low dimensional units organised in the brain stem or spinal cord, involving descending or afferent pathways and generating specific motor output by imposing specific muscle activation patterns (Roh, Cheung, & Bizzi, 2011). Muscle synergies are extracted from electromyography (EMG) data recorded during various motor tasks through a mathematical model. Based on different mathematical models and conceptual definitions, muscle synergies are divided into temporal, (Dominici et al., 2011) synchronous, (Cheung et al., 2005) and time-varying synergies (d'Avella, Fernandez, Portone, & Lacquaniti, 2008). Temporal synergies contain time-invariant muscle weightings (referred to as “motor module” in this context) and time-dependent activation coefficients (referred to as “motor primitive” in this context). Recently, temporal synergy analysis has been applied to sports activities, such as Japanese archery, (Naoto, Atsushi, & Koji, 2017) badminton, (Matsunaga & Kaneoka, 2018) cycling, (Hug, Turpin, Couturier, & Dorel, 2011) rowing, (Turpin, Guevel, Durand, & Hug, 2011) and swimming (Vaz et al., 2016). These reports reveal that muscle patterns in athletes are different due to the competitive level and expertise. Some studies suggest that elite athletes may develop more synergies than beginners, such as studies on badminton (Matsunaga & Kaneoka, 2018). Other studies (Naoto et al., 2017), (Vaz et al., 2016) propose that the number of muscle patterns is not affected by expertise, but the modification of motor primitives or motor modules was observed between elite athletes and beginners. As proposed by Matsunaga, (Naoto et al., 2017) the motor modules of trunk muscles by Japanese archery are different depending on the competition level. As for motor primitives, Vaz et al (Vaz et al., 2016). reported that motor modules are similar among swimmers; however, timing adjustments of motor primitives were observed between elite swimmers and beginners.