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Africa 
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Trends in Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
Computational anatomy (CA) is a discipline within medical imaging focusing on the study of anatomical shape and form at the visible or gross anatomical scale of morphology. It comprises the development and application of computational, mathematical data for modeling and simulation of biological structures and organisms. Its emphasis is on the anatomical structures being imaged, rather than the medical imaging devices. It is like computational linguistics, a discipline that focuses on the linguistic structures rather than the sensor acting as the transmission and communication medium. With the advent of dense three-dimensional measurements through technologies such as MRI, CA has emerged as a subfield of medical imaging and bioengineering for mining anatomical coordinate systems. In CA, the diffeomorphism group is used to study different coordinate systems via coordinate transformations as generated via the Lagrangian and Eulerian velocities of flow from one anatomical configuration to another. CA intersects the study of Riemannian manifolds where groups of diffeomorphisms are the central focus, intersecting with emerging high-dimensional theories of shape emerging from the field of shape statistics. The metric structures in CA are related in spirit to morphometrics, with the distinction that CA focuses on an infinite-dimensional space of coordinate systems transformed by a diffeomorphism, hence the central use of the terminology diffeomorphometry, the metric space study of coordinate systems via diffeomorphisms. At CA’s heart is the comparison of shape by recognizing in one shape the other. This connects it to D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson’s developments in On Growth and Form which has led to scientific explanations of morphogenesis, the process by which patterns are formed in biology.
Test-retest validation of a cranial deformity index in unilateral coronal craniosynostosis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Emilie Robertson, Peter Kwan, Gorman Louie, Pierre Boulanger, Daniel Aalto
The use of age and sex-matched CT scans as the control group also adheres to the user-friendliness and accessibility criteria outlined for the proposed workflow. More surgeons are likely to have access to a database containing normative skull as opposed to more sophisticated tools like statistical shape models, for example. The reliance on specific multi-atlas’ is a recognized limitation of highly sophisticated quantification methods (Mendoza et al. 2014). Processes that can be carried out without the need for outsourcing or consultation are advantageous from a time and cost perspective. In addition, a user-friendly and inexpensive method to assess reconstruction outcomes may increase clinician productivity in this field. Methods of morphometric quantification that require expert consultation or proprietary software may be a barrier to their regular use. In addition, the cost of using advanced technology is a recognized deterrent (Seruya et al. 2013; Fisher et al. 2016; Martelli et al. 2016; Barbero-García et al. 2017). As methods like statistical shape modelling become more commonplace in the clinical environment, this could replace the use of age and sex-matched CT scans for a more precise workflow.
Assessment and analysis of morphometric characteristics of Lake Tana sub-basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2023
Bitew G. Tassew, Mulugeta A. Belete, K. Miegel
Three main morphometric aspects are used in the study namely: Linear, areal and relief aspects. The results of the study demonstrate that the morphometric parameters expressed the hydrological, lithological, geomorphological, slope, relief and land use/land cover conditions of the basin. From this study, the following conclusions have been made: The Lake Tana Sub-basin is a seventh order stream with a dendritic pattern having 9891 streams (total length of 9222.36 km). It has a mean stream length of 5.04 km. A bifurcation ratio of 22.7 is obtained and this reveals a low degree of drainage integration in the sub-basin, presence of high number of streams even in the higher orders, high structural disturbance, availability of erodible soils and occurrence of high overland flow and discharge.The sub-basin is characterized with lower drainage density (0.62), low stream frequency (0.66), fine drainage texture (11.04), elongated and low class with an elongation and circulatory ratio value of 0.7 and 0.23, respectively which reveals coarse drainage texture, permeable subsurface, homogeneous geological material, high precipitation and infiltration rate and high vegetation cover.The sub-basin has a very low relief ratio (0.007) which shows overall erosion and degradation level and considered as relatively small. It has a high value of ruggedness number (1.4) reveals susceptibility to flash floods and soil erosion.