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Coanda Effect in a Human Body
Published in Noor A. Ahmed, Coanda Effect, 2019
Mitral regurgitation affects nearly 150 million people worldwide and occurs in men and women equally [48]. Mitral regurgitation is the leaking of blood flow in the heart, otherwise not present in a healthy body. The condition may occur due to pathology affecting one or more components of the mitral valve or due to annular dilatation and geometrical distortion of the sub-valvular apparatus secondary to the left ventricular, associated with cardiomyopathy or coronary artery disease.
Reduced basis model order reduction for Navier–Stokes equations in domains with walls of varying curvature
Published in International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 2020
Martin W. Hess, Annalisa Quaini, Gianluigi Rozza
We consider the flow of an incompressible fluid through a planar channel with a narrowing, where the walls creating the narrowing have variable curvature. An application that motivated the present study is the flow of blood through a regurgitant mitral valve. Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular disease characterised by abnormal leaking of blood through the mitral valve from the left ventricle into the left atrium of the heart (see Figure 1). In certain cases, the regurgitant jet ‘hugs’ the wall of the heart's atrium as shown in Figure 1 (right). These wall-hugging, non-symmetric regurgitant jets have been observed at low Reynolds numbers (Albers et al. 2004; Vermeulen et al. 2009) and are said to undergo the Coanda effect (Wille and Fernholz 1965). Such jets represent one of the biggest challenges in echocardiographic assessment of MR (Ginghina 2007). In Quaini, Glowinski, and Canic (2016), Pitton, Quaini, and Rozza (2017), Pitton and Rozza (2017), Wang et al. (2017), Hess et al. (2018) and Hess, Quaini, and Rozza (2018), we made a connection between the cardiovascular and bioengineering literature reporting on the Coanda effect in MR and the fluid dynamics literature with the goal of identifying and understanding the main features of the corresponding flow conditions.