Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
*
Published in Ronald Fayer, Lihua Xiao, Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis, 2007
In contrast, bovine C. parvum in Israel has a clonal population structure (Tanriverdi et al., 2006). Significant LD was observed between 14 microsatellite and minisatellite markers in 61 isolates from diverse areas. Significant geographic segregation in C. parvum subtypes was observed in both Israel and Turkey, as distinct multilocus types were often detected in individual herds. It was concluded that even in a clonal population structure, genetically distinct populations of C. parvum can emerge within a group of hosts in a relatively short time (Tanriverdi et al., 2006). In Scotland, however, there is seemingly no geographical or temporal substructuring within C. parvum (Mallon et al., 2003b).
Uncertainty and disturbance-observer based robust attitude control for satellites
Published in International Journal of Control, 2023
Shilpee Kumar, Sarbani Chakraborty
Miniaturised satellites are the future of space missions. The small satellites based on mass are categorised as: minisatellite (100–500 kg), microsatellite (<100 kg), nanosatellite (<10kg). The concentrated design layout of the small satellite is due to its small weight, low volume, and single-serving purpose. Classification of nanosatellite in strict terms is any satellite within the mass of 1–10 kg. Satellites placed in the range of 600–1200 kms above the earth’s surface are (Low Earth Orbit) LEO satellites (Yamashita et al., 2004). These cost-effective LEO satellites revolve at an extremely high-speed providing continuous coverage focused over a region. Hence, a continuous control strategy is required to maintain the orientation of the satellite with respect to a fixed reference frame such as Sun or star which is challenging. ADCS is an integral subsystem of satellite providing stability and robustness to rotate in a defined orbit in LEO (Sanyal & Lee-Ho, 2009).