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Human Performance Assessment: Evaluation of Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Brain Activity
Published in Michael A. Vidulich, Pamela S. Tsang, Improving Aviation Performance through Applying Engineering Psychology, 2019
Kurtulus Izzetoglu, Dale Richards
Participants were separated into low and high performers based on their performance data to conduct comparisons between fNIRS measurements amongst the trials. The participants who scanned more area within certain field of camera view, were placed in the high performers group. Participants who scanned less area and showed no performance improvement between initial trial and final trial were classified as low performers. The simulator software had a capability to record camera’s field of view and zoom levels for each participant. These data were used to calculate the percentage of the designated area that was successfully scanned. A successful scan was determined to be a scan at a zoom level lower than 15 degrees as the UAV proceeded along the designated route. These areas and the designated route were shown in Figure 8.3. The analysis for the fNIRS measures was to investigate the measures from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) region area associated with attention. We calculated oxygenation changes for low and high performers. Figure 8.4 depicts oxygenation changes from the Optode located over the middle frontal gyrus of the right hemisphere, which is the area known to be associated with attention (Izzetoglu, Bunce, Izzetoglu, Onaral, & Pourrezaei, 2007). Based on this preliminary experimental protocol, localized oxygen changes over the middle frontal gyrus of the right hemisphere were notable in this taxing attention task, such as scanning.
Working memory network plasticity after exercise intervention detected by task and resting-state functional MRI
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Lina Zhu, Xuan Xiong, Xiaoxiao Dong, Yi Zhao, Adam Kawczyński, Aiguo Chen, Wei Wang
Whole-brain activation results from the group (exercise intervention, control) by time (pre-test, post-test) ANOVA revealed that the following regions showed a significant interaction: left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right middle occipital gyrus (MOG), left hippocampus (HIP), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL). In all these regions, the exercise group showed a pattern of increasing activation over time, while the control group showed a stable pattern over time. All of these regions showed significant between-group differences at the post-test, and all group-by-time interactions remained significant when controlling for pre-test activation. For further details, see Table 2 and Figure 4.
The cognitive and neural correlates of written language: a selective review of bilingualism
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2021
Karen E. Waldie, Gjurgjica Badzakova-Trajkov, Haeme R. P. Park, Yuxuan Zheng, Denise Neumann, Nasrin Zamani Foroushani
When comparing performance in L2 and L1 in bilinguals, we found greater activation in the left middle frontal gyrus and the right inferior frontal gyrus in L2. This demonstrates a greater need for resources when processing as well as monitoring task performance in L2 compared to L1. Neuroimaging and lesion studies have shown that frontal brain areas are involved in language selection and switching (e.g. Hernandez et al. 2001; Meuter et al. 2002). Nevertheless, regular environmental L2 exposure leads to L2 use becoming more efficient and automatic despite learning the second language after primary school entry. The importance of the environmental language exposure has been further demonstrated in terms of the L2 becoming more automatic than their native tongue over time when bilinguals were living and working in their L2 environment. The environmental language exposure is also highly relevant in the cerebral representation and processing of language (Perani et al. 2003; Badzakova-Trajkov et al. 2008). There even might be neural changes to language processing structures involved in both L2 and L1 as the L1 language processing becomes less automatic over time.
Resting state fMRI analysis using unsupervised learning algorithms
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2020
Alberto Arturo Vergani, Samuele Martinelli, Elisabetta Binaghi
Males have greater values for Left Precuneus Cortex, Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus, pars opercularis, Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus, pars opercularis, Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus, pars triangularis, Left Superior Frontal Gyrus, Right Superior Frontal Gyrus, Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus, pars triangularis, Right Middle Frontal Gyrus.