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Bioprocessing of viral vaccines––Introduction
Published in Amine Kamen, Laura Cervera, Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines, 2023
In short, the manufacturing process is initiated by cell amplification from a working cell bank, derived from the master cell bank. The cell culture process stream will depend on the cell substrate type that would grow in adherent or suspension cell cultures and would determine the mode of operation and type and scale of the bioreactor for production. In the case of adherent cell lines such as Vero cells, supports such as T-Flasks, roller-bottles, cell factories, or packed-bed bioreactors are required to sustain cell growth. To mitigate surface limitation to produce large quantities of vaccines as is the case for polio vaccines, microcarrier technology as a support might be used to facilitate the scalability up to 3,000 L operational volume. Cell cultures in suspension are generally more amenable to streamlined scale-up to larger volumes up to 10,000 L. As it has been the trend for production of biologics such as recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies, single-use equipment is deployed more and more frequently as a rapid response to surge manufacturing of viral vaccines [20].
Cell Adhesion in Animal Cell Culture: Physiological and Fluid-Mechanical Implications
Published in Martin A. Hjortso, Joseph W. Roos, Cell Adhesion, 2018
Manfred R. Koller, Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis
An alternative technique that allows high-density cell growth is the use of microcarrier culture. Microcarriers are small, usually spherical particles that are suspended in the growth medium by gentle agitation. The cells are initially allowed to attach to the microcarriers under stationary conditions, and once agitation begins, the cells attached to each microcarrier will grow to confluence. Advantages of this technology include: high surface area to volume ratio, relatively homogeneous conditions with all cells in one vessel as opposed to many individual bottles or flasks, representative sampling is easily performed by removing some of the microcarriers, and the technique is easily amenable to scale-up (60). We have demonstrated the ability to produce more concentrated recombinant protein product using microcarrier culture in two systems (61,62).
Disposable Bioreactors
Published in Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Disposable Bioprocessing Systems, 2016
With exception of the WUB, the SBB, and the microbial versions of the XDR, CELL-tainer and CellMaker, all disposable bioreactors have been developed primarily for fed-batch operations with animal suspension cells (Figure 5.8). This kind of operation is most common in biomanufacturing. Anchorage-dependent (adherent) cells are less widespread in today’s processes; however, disposable bioreactors such as AmProtein’s CURRENT Perfusion Bioreactor do allow the cultivation of adherent cells if they are grown on microcarriers. Microcarriers also support the cell attachment to a 3D structure, enabling a higher cell density and productivity, and culture conditions that are nearly identical to an in vivo environment.
Optimization of ultraviolet/ozone (UVO3) process conditions for the preparation of gelatin coated polystyrene (PS) microcarriers
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Mohd Azmir Arifin, Maizirwan Mel, Sia Yiik Swan, Nurhusna Samsudin, Yumi Zuhanis Has-Yun Hashim, Hamzah Mohd Salleh
Animal cell culture has emerged as one of the most important tools used in life sciences today. Techniques of cell culture are essential for studying biochemical and physiological processes, and large-scale cultures of animal cells have become the preferred system for commercial production of many biological products such as recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, viral vaccines, and gene therapy vectors.[1–3] While some cell types such as lymphocytes can grow in suspension, there are significant number of cell lines with industrial potentials that require attachment to solid substratum for their survival and replication.[4,5] For mass production of biologics using these ‘anchorage dependent’ cells, an economical and efficient cultivation system with extensive surface area must be established. Several systems that were examined to fulfill such requirements include spiral films, multiple plates, hollow fiber beds, and small beads.[4] Among these, microcarrier suspension culture that was first conceived by Van Wezel in 1967, appeared to be the most successful approach.[6] Microcarriers offer extremely high surface area to volume ratio that enables anchorage dependent cells to grow to high density in suspension cultures while maintaining their normal adherent mode.[7]