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Biotreatment of Industrial Hazardous Wastes
Published in Volodymyr Ivanov, Environmental Microbiology for Engineers, 2020
Psychrophilic microorganisms have optimal growth temperatures below 15°C. These organisms may be killed by exposure to temperatures above 30°C. Mesophilic microorganisms have optimal growth temperatures in a range between 20°C and 40°C. Thermophiles grow best above 50°C. Some bacteria can grow up to temperatures where water boils; those with optimal growth temperatures above 75°C are categorized as extreme thermophiles. Therefore, the biotreatment temperature must be maintained at optimal growth temperatures for effective biotreatment by certain physiological groups of microorganisms. The heating of the treated waste can come from microbial oxidation or fermentation activities if sufficient heat is generated and good thermal insulation of treated waste from the cooler environment is maintained. The bulking agent added to solid wastes may also be used as an internal thermal insulator.
Permanent Landfill and Stabilization for the Remediation of Municipal and Industrial Wastes
Published in Hossain Md Anawar, Vladimir Strezov, Abhilash, Sustainable and Economic Waste Management, 2019
Hossain Md Anawar, Vladimir Strezov, Tanveer M. Adyel
Direct landfilling of MSW is associated with some major devastating environmental impacts, including consequential emissions to the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and pedosphere, risk in landfill stability and scarcity of land (Nguyen et al., 2007). Anaerobic digestion of organic fractions of MSW can recover valuable resources and stabilize the MSW. The hydrolysis/acidification and methanogenesis are the rate-limiting steps in the complex process of anaerobic digestion, where the application of micro-aerophilic conditions and flushing the waste bed could enhance hydrolysis and acidification (Capela et al., 1999; Wellinger et al., 1999; Dayanthi et al., 2004). Some characteristics, that make the high-solid batch anaerobic digestion process attractive for developing countries, are simple design and process control, lower investment cost, lesser water consumption, etc. Increasing temperature significantly increases the degradation rate in the methanogenesis process of anaerobic digestion. The reaction temperatures with maximum activity are mesophilic and thermophilic (Mata-Alvarez, 2003). Microorganisms operating in the mesophilic range are more robust and can tolerate greater changes in the environmental parameters like toxicants and temperature than thermophilic condition, making the mesophilic process more stable and popular in anaerobic digestion facilities (Biey et al., 2003).
Applications
Published in Raj P. Chhabra, CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering Second Edition, 2017
Joshua D. Ramsey, Ken Bell, Ramesh K. Shah, Bengt Sundén, Zan Wu, Clement Kleinstreuer, Zelin Xu, D. Ian Wilson, Graham T. Polley, John A. Pearce, Kenneth R. Diller, Jonathan W. Valvano, David W. Yarbrough, Moncef Krarti, John Zhai, Jan Kośny, Christian K. Bach, Ian H. Bell, Craig R. Bradshaw, Eckhard A. Groll, Abhinav Krishna, Orkan Kurtulus, Margaret M. Mathison, Bryce Shaffer, Bin Yang, Xinye Zhang, Davide Ziviani, Robert F. Boehm, Anthony F. Mills, Santanu Bandyopadhyay, Shankar Narasimhan, Donald L. Fenton, Raj M. Manglik, Sameer Khandekar, Mario F. Trujillo, Rolf D. Reitz, Milind A. Jog, Prabhat Kumar, K.P. Sandeep, Sanjiv Sinha, Krishna Valavala, Jun Ma, Pradeep Lall, Harold R. Jacobs, Mangesh Chaudhari, Amit Agrawal, Robert J. Moffat, Tadhg O’Donovan, Jungho Kim, S.A. Sherif, Alan T. McDonald, Arturo Pacheco-Vega, Gerardo Diaz, Mihir Sen, K.T. Yang, Martine Rueff, Evelyne Mauret, Pawel Wawrzyniak, Ireneusz Zbicinski, Mariia Sobulska, P.S. Ghoshdastidar, Naveen Tiwari, Rajappa Tadepalli, Raj Ganesh S. Pala, Desh Bandhu Singh, G. N. Tiwari
Based on the response to temperature, microorganisms can be classified into psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, mesophilic, and thermophilic. Psychrophilic microorganisms have an optimum growth temperature between 12°C and 15°C, but can grow up to 20°C. Psychrotrophic microorganisms have an optimum growth temperature between 20°C and 30°C, but can grow up to 0°C. Mesophilic microorganisms have an optimum growth temperature between 30°C and 42°C, but can grow between 15°C and 47°C. Thermophilic microorganisms have an optimum growth temperature between 55°C and 65°C, but can grow between 40°C and 90°C.
Impact of Ozonation Process on the Microbiological Contamination and Antioxidant Capacity of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinum corymbosum L.) Fruit during Cold Storage
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2019
Tomasz Piechowiak, Piotr Antos, Radosław Józefczyk, Patryk Kosowski, Karol Skrobacz, Maciej Balawejder
For the analysis, a sample of randomly collected (50 g, 0.1 g accuracy) blueberries from each box of fruit was homogenized. Next, the resulting homogenate was diluted in the saline solution to achieve a homogenate concentration of 10−6 mL/mL by a series of consecutive dilutions while maintaining the sterile culture conditions and then plated using the spread plate method. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria were cultivated using nutrient agar, where the cultivation conditions were: 30°C for 72 h. The total number of fungi was determined using Czapek solution agar (Carranza et al. 2017) and cultivation conditions were: 28°C for 168 h. The number of colonies per plate was calculated, and then the result was shown as log cfu in 1 g of the fruit sample. The analysis was performed in three replications.
Microbial inactivation efficiency of supercritical CO2 drying process
Published in Drying Technology, 2018
Alessandro Zambon, Filippo Michelino, Siméon Bourdoux, Frank Devlieghere, Stefania Sut, Stefano Dall’Acqua, Andreja Rajkovic, Sara Spilimbergo
Mesophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacterial spore and yeasts and molds counts were assessed before and after the treatment by means of the standard plate count techniques as previously reported.[17,18] Phosphate buffer saline (Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy) was used for serial dilution with a weight ratio of 1:10. Mesophilic bacteria and spores were cultured using total plate count agar (Microbial Diagnostici, Catania, Italy) at 30°C within pour plate, whereas yeasts and molds were cultured with Dichloran-rose bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar (Bitec S.r.l., Grosseto, Italy) at 22°C within spread plate. For the enumeration of mesophilic spores, the first dilution tubes were inserted in a thermostatic bath at 80°C for 10 min before plating. The incubation time for mesophilic bacteria and spores was 72 h, whereas 72–120 h for yeast and molds.
Atlantic Forest’s and Caatinga’s semiarid soils and their potential as a source for halothermotolerant actinomycetes and proteolytic enzymes
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Marghuel A. Vieira Silveira, Saara M. Batista dos Santos, Débora Noma Okamoto, Itamar Soares de Melo, Maria A. Juliano, Jair Ribeiro Chagas, Suzan P. Vasconcellos
Expressively important on soil, it has been predicted that in 1 (one) gram is likely to accumulate more than a million of actinomycetes. Most of them behave as neutrophile but still able to grow in a range from pH 5,0 to 9,0 and mesophile in laboratory conditions. Among the studied strains it was revealed that all behave as mesophiles, with optimum growth temperature at 30°C and ability to grow above temperatures of 45°C. Despite the actinomycetes, natural habitat finding higher temperatures, studies in the literature suggest that most of these organisms, including those involved in the production of antibiotics, are mesophiles in laboratory conditions [51].