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The Other Energy Sources
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
Aqueous solutions of uranyl salts are used in the aqueous homogeneous reactors (AHRs) in a solution of uranyl sulfate, or other uranium salt, in water. Historically, AHRs have all been small research reactors, not large power reactors. An AHR, known as the Medical Isotope Production System is being considered for production of medical isotopes.
The Other Energy Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Aqueous solutions of uranyl salts are used in the aqueous homogeneous reactors (AHRs) in a solution of uranyl sulfate, or other uranium salt, in water. Historically, AHRs have all been small research reactors, not large power reactors. An AHR, known as the Medical Isotope Production System is being considered for production of medical isotopes.
Examining Practical Application Feasibility of Bismuth-Embedded SBA-15 for Gaseous Iodine Adsorption
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2020
Seong Woo Kang, Jae-Hwan Yang, Man-Sung Yim
In the use of nuclear energy, release of radioactive materials into the environment must be strictly controlled. Iodine is one of the key radionuclides of concern with respect to environmental release. As a fission product, radioactive iodine may be released into the environment from spent-fuel reprocessing or nuclear severe accidents in aerosol or gaseous form. Iodine may also be released from medical isotope production, but the radioactivity released from medical isotope production is typically below any serious health concerns.1–3 In contrast, the level of the radioactivity from the iodine released during spent-fuel reprocessing or a severe nuclear accident could be significant and requires proper treatment.4,5 An efficient and effective method is needed to minimize the release of radioactive gaseous iodine into the atmosphere.
A Feasibility Study on the Transmutation of 100Mo to 99mTc with Laser-Compton Scattering Photons
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2018
Jiyoung Lee, Haseeb ur Rehman, Yonghee Kim
Transmutation-based methods can be further categorized into proton-based and photonuclear transmutation methods. In proton-based transmutation, cyclotron proton accelerators are used to produce many short-living medical isotopes. However, only some are capable of producing 99Mo using (p, 2n) and (p, pn) reactions, none of which are suitable for producing more than a small fraction of the required amounts of 99Mo (Ref. 1). In addition, protons with energies higher than 19 MeV can cause degradation in the 100Mo target, whereas energies less than 10 MeV can increase the patient doses (up to 30% or more). The patient doses can also be affected by the composition of other molybdenum isotopes.5,6
Testing the suitability of FLUKA and PHITS to predict the outcome of radionuclide production
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2023
M. Klink, L. Lens, J. J. W. van de Laar, U. W. Scherer
Many medical radionuclides are produced in accelerators like cyclotrons which can operate in different energy ranges. They often provide proton beams in an energy range of 10–25 MeV, with intensities of 10–500 μA [2]. Those cyclotrons usually are operated in hospitals and ensure the supply of commonly used medical radioisotopes like 18F or 64Cu. Medical isotopes are often produced by irradiating isotopically enriched target materials. Since these target materials are rare and expensive, minimum quantities should be used, and the material needs to be recovered and reused or recycled [1].