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The Human Body as the Foundation for Wearable Product Design
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The planes are defined as: The median plane, or midsagittal plane, is the midline plane through the long axis of the body dividing the body into equal left and right halves.Sagittal planes run through the body front to back and are parallel to the median plane.The coronal or frontal plane runs through the body from side to side, perpendicular to sagittal planes, dividing the body into unequal front and back parts. A coronal plane through the shoulders, or alternatively through the geometric center of the body, is commonly used as a reference plane.A transverse, cross, or horizontal plane is perpendicular to the long axis of the body and is used to create a body cross-section. The horizontal plane bisects the body at the mid-section into upper (cranial), and lower (caudal) parts.The Frankfort (sometimes spelled Frankfurt) plane is a plane passing through the lower edge of the left bony eye socket and the upper margin of each ear canal. Ideally, this plane lies parallel to the floor. It is close to parallel to the floor in the normal head position in the standing person. It is sometimes referred to as the auriculo-orbital (ear-eye) plane.
Assessment of virtual thermal manikins for thermal comfort numerical studies. Verification and validation
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2022
Cristiana Croitoru, Ilinca Nastase, Florin Bode, Mihnea Sandu
After the experimental validation of the numerical model, we can proceed in our initial quest: finding which is the influence of the inlet turbulence intensity of a mixing ventilation jet, on the local draft sensation and thermal discomfort? As it has been shown by Fanger (Fanger et al. 1988) the velocities and the turbulent characteristics of the flows may generate a thermal discomfort translated by the sensation of “draught” as “an undesired cooling of the human body caused by air movement” (Fanger et al. 1988; Fanger 1989). This way, the first step was to check, the influence of the variation of the jet initial turbulence intensity on the behavior of the global temperature and velocity fields inside the test cell. Therefore, in Figure 6, the temperature and velocity fields were represented in a median plane passing through the ventilation inlet and through the coronal plane passing through the virtual manikin for all the studied cases.