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Trying to Revive an Anemic System
Published in Jay Liebowitz, Richard A. Schieber, Joanne D. Andreadis, Knowledge Management in Public Health, 2018
There are multiple layers to the division’s knowledge management system. The root of the system lies in tracking the following core global indicators from multiple sources: ■ Under five mortality rate: Deaths between birth and the fifth birthday, expressed as deaths per 1,000 births.■ Infant mortality rate: Deaths between birth and the first birthday, expressed as deaths per 1,000 births.■ Maternal mortality rate: Maternal deaths that occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or within two months after the birth or termination of pregnancy.■ Stunting: Percentage of children under five years of age below -2 SD height for age.■ Wasting: Percentage of children under five years of age below -2 SD weight for height.■ Underweight: Percentage of children under five years of age below -2 SD weight for age.■ Vitamin A supplementation: Percentage of children six to fifty-nine months given a vitamin A supplement twice yearly.■ Anemia: Any anemia, measured by hemoglobin in children <11 g/dl and in women of reproductive age <12 g/dl.■ Household coverage of adequately iodized salt: Proportion of households consuming adequately iodized salt (fifteen parts per million or more).■ Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices: Percentage of children age six to twenty-three months who were fed according to three IYCF practices—continued breastfeeding, feeding at least the minimum number of times per day (according to age), and feeding from the minimum number of food groups per day.■ Exclusive breastfeeding: Percentage of children exclusively breastfed in the first six months of life.
A multi-attribute utility framework for patients to determine childbirth method considering uncertainties, patient preferences, risk attitudes, and pregnancy complications
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2022
The outcome of a delivery process consists of multiple attributes. The most important one is the probability of maternal-neonatal mortality and the health condition of the mother and the newborn. Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 30 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes (Ronsmans et al., 2006). On the other hand, neonatal mortality has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as deaths among live births during the first 28 completed days of life which can be further subdivided into early neonatal deaths (deaths between 0 and 7 completed days after birth) and late neonatal deaths (deaths after 7 days to 28 completed days after birth) (Pathirana et al., 2016).
Blood drones: using utopia as method to imagine future vital mobilities
Published in Mobilities, 2020
Stephanie Sodero, Richard Rackham
Like James Blundell in 1818, the delivery service is framed as a means to tackle Rwanda’s high level of maternal mortality due to postpartum haemorrhaging. In Rwanda, despite effective interventions, maternal mortality rates remain high at 210 deaths per 100,000 births. The 2030 Sustainable Development Goal is 70 deaths per 100,000 births (UNICEF 2018). Postpartum haemorrhaging is the leading cause of maternal mortality, accounting for approximately 35% of deaths (World Health Organization 2013). Blood drones are also positioned as a means to address the need for blood amongst children affected by malaria-related anaemia (Lancet 2017; Glauser 2018). In part due to climate change and insecticide resistance, malaria rates in Rwanda increased from 15% to 37% between 2010 and 2015. The timely arrival of vital blood products may increase survival rates for women and children (UNICEF 2018).
Environmental contaminants and preeclampsia: a systematic literature review
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2018
Emma M. Rosen, MG Isabel Muñoz, Thomas McElrath, David E. Cantonwine, Kelly K. Ferguson
Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality globally with an estimated prevalence of approximately 2–8% (Duley 2009; Khan et al. 2006). Nearly 99% of maternal deaths resulting from pregnancy or childbirth complications occur in low- and middle-income countries, and an estimated 10–15% of those deaths are associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia (Duley 1992; Khan et al. 2006; Lerberghe et al. 2005). Although maternal mortality is lower in high-income countries such as the United States, preeclampsia and eclampsia are still associated with approximately 10–15% of maternal deaths (Ananth, Savitz, and Bowes 1995). Even after the resolution of preeclamptic pregnancy, women face increased risk of cardiovascular events later in life (Ahmed et al. 2014; Irgens et al. 2001; Kestenbaum et al. 2003; Mongraw-Chaffin, Cirillo, and Cohn 2010). A meta-analysis involving 43 studies identified elevated risk for cerebrovascular disease (OR: 2.28 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.87, 2.78]), stroke (OR: 1.76 [95% CI: 1.43, 2.21]), and hypertension (RR: 3.13 [95% CI: 2.51, 3.89]) for women with a history of preeclampsia or eclampsia (Brown et al. 2013). Further, Williams and Broughton Pipkin (2011) suggested that women may also be at an increased long-term risk of diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, thromboembolism, hypothyroidism, and impaired memory. In addition, a preeclamptic pregnancy poses risks for the fetus including preterm birth and all corresponding conditions, neonatal thrombocytopenia, and restricted fetal angiogenesis (Backes et al. 2011).