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Effective and Efficient Modeling and Simulation with DEVS Variants
Published in Gabriel A. Wainer, Pieter J. Mosterman, Discrete-Event Modeling and Simulation, 2018
Adelinde M. Uhrmacher, Jan Himmelspach, Roland Ewald
The lambda phage is a virus infecting Escherichia coli bacteria (E. coli). The virus injects its DNA into the cell. Depending on the concentration of certain key molecules (e.g., CI or Cro), the cell will enter either the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle. In the lytic cycle, the phage DNA will be directly transcribed by the cell’s gene expression machinery, so that a phage replication takes place until the resources of the cell are depleted. Thus, the cell will be destroyed and the produced phages will be released to the environment. In the lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA will be integrated into the cell’s DNA. Each time the cell replicates, the phage DNA being part of the cell’s DNA will be replicated as well. If at some point the environmental conditions change, the cell will enter the lytic cycle. Figure 6.1 illustrates the relation between both cycles.
Introduction to virology
Published in Amine Kamen, Laura Cervera, Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines, 2023
But, when the virus following the lysogenic cycle encounters any environmental stress, the prophage extracts itself from the host genome and enters the lytic cycle, resulting in the lysis of the host cell. This conversion from the lysogenic to the lytic cycle is termed “induction.”
Microbiology in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2020
Frederick J. Passman, Peter Küenzi
Two basic cycles of reproduction can be distinguished for bacteriophages: lytic (or virulent) and lysogenic (or temperate). Whereas lytic reproduction cycles lead to production of virus particles and eventually death of the host, the lysogenic cycle leads to integration of bacteriophage DNA into the host’s genome, also known as prophage. This integration offers new ways for evolutionary and ecological adaptations for the host (60) as new genetic material is incorporated into the bacterial genome.