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Implications of Long-Term Climate Change for Biogeography and Ecological Processes in the Southern Ocean
Published in S. J. Hawkins, A. J. Evans, A. C. Dale, L. B. Firth, I. P. Smith, Oceanography and Marine Biology, 2018
Part of the explanation for this may lie in the nature of polar viruses. Viral diversity appears to be lower in the Southern Ocean than at lower latitudes (Brum et al. 2015) and is dominated by so-called temperate or latent viruses (Brum et al. 2016), which exhibit a lysogenic stage. This involves lysogenic infection during which the viral genome is incorporated into the host genome and is reproduced along with the host genetic material without causing host mortality. This can later be triggered into lytic infection with reproduction of the virus by the host and bursting of the host cell (Fuhrman 1999). Lysogenic infection seems to be more common where and when prokaryotic productivity and abundance are low (Evans & Brussaard 2012). Brum et al. (2016) suggest that lysogenic infection can affect the ratio of bacterial to primary production by introducing a delay in bacterial responses at the onset of phytoplankton blooms. This is due to a reduction in host metabolism caused by lysogeny that is hypothesised to improve host survival when resources are scarce (Paul 2008). During full bloom conditions, lytic infection prevails, and bacterial and phytoplankton productivity become coupled.
Introduction to virology
Published in Amine Kamen, Laura Cervera, Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines, 2023
But, when the virus following the lysogenic cycle encounters any environmental stress, the prophage extracts itself from the host genome and enters the lytic cycle, resulting in the lysis of the host cell. This conversion from the lysogenic to the lytic cycle is termed “induction.”
Microbiology in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2020
Frederick J. Passman, Peter Küenzi
Two basic cycles of reproduction can be distinguished for bacteriophages: lytic (or virulent) and lysogenic (or temperate). Whereas lytic reproduction cycles lead to production of virus particles and eventually death of the host, the lysogenic cycle leads to integration of bacteriophage DNA into the host’s genome, also known as prophage. This integration offers new ways for evolutionary and ecological adaptations for the host (60) as new genetic material is incorporated into the bacterial genome.