Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Electrical Cell Lysis on Microfluidic Devices
Published in Tuhin S. Santra, Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Cell lysis is defined as the destruction of a cell through the rupture of its plasma membrane, often by an external physical or chemical stimulus, and the consequent release of the contents of the cell. Electrical lysis is cell lysis caused by an applied external electrical stimulation. Microfluidic devices, commonly fabricated using etching, polymer deposition, lithography, and other microfabrication processes, can facilitate electrical lysis operation by lowering the required applied voltage for the process. The key advantages of on-chip electrical lysis are rapid operation, low cost, no residue, high throughput, controllability, and suitability for integration with other microfluidic processes. Applications of on-chip electrical lysis are analysis of cell contents (cytology), cancer therapy, genetics, disease diagnosis, oncology, stem cell research, single-cell manipulation, developmental biology, bacterial decontamination, and water treatment system. In this context, this chapter provides a brief overview of the electrical lysis process, related dynamics and theories, recent reports of electrical lysis performed on microfluidic chips, parameters to consider, associated phenomena, and applications of on-chip electrical lysis.
Synthesis for Multiple Sample Pathways: Gene-Expression Analysis
Published in Mohamed Ibrahim, Krishnendu Chakrabarty, Optimization of Trustworthy Biomolecular Quantitative Analysis Using Cyber-Physical Microfluidic Platforms, 2020
Mohamed Ibrahim, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
(3) Cell lysis was performed for each sample to release intracellular contents, e.g., protein, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), and cell debris. Glass beads were used for cell lysis, since glass beads can mechanically disrupt cell walls.
Sludge minimisation technologies
Published in Bhola R. Gurjar, Vinay Kumar Tyagi, Sludge Management, 2017
Bhola R. Gurjar, Vinay Kumar Tyagi
Lysis refers to the death of a cell by breaking of the cellular membrane, through different mechanisms. Every cell has a plasma membrane, a protein-lipid bilayer that forms a barrier separating cell contents from the extracellular environment. When microbial cells undergo lysis or death, the cell contents (lysate) are released into the medium. The lysate is rich in soluble COD. The organic autochthonous substrate is reused in microbial metabolism and a portion of the carbon is liberated as respiration products. This results in a reduction in the overall biomass production (Low & Chase, 1999). The biomass grew on organic lysate is different from growth on original substrate, and is therefore termed as cryptic growth. It consists of lysis and biodegradation, where former does not occur under normal conditions, however once lysed, it becomes easy for the living cells to biodegrade the lysed cells, therefore lysis is the rate-limiting step of lysis-cryptic growth, and an increase of the lysis efficiency can therefore lead to an overall reduction of sludge production (Khursheed & Kazmi, 2011) (Figure 10.2).
In-situ transesterification of single-cell oil for biodiesel production: a review
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Tasneem Gufrana, Hasibul Islam, Shivani Khare, Ankita Pandey, Radha P.
Anionic, cationic, and nonionic detergents are the three types used to disturb cells. All detergents have one thing in common: they directly destroy the cell wall or membrane, causing intracellular material to leak out. An example of an anionic detergent is SDS which breaks the protein-protein interaction. TritonX-100, a nonionic detergent, is another widely used chemical for cell lysis. It works by causing membrane proteins to become soluble.[148] In addition to these chemical substances, cationic detergents such as ethyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, for example, can be employed to disturb cells. It is thought to act on lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in cell membranes.[149] The use of detergents for cell lysis has the drawback of denaturing numerous proteins during the lysis process. Detergents have the potential to interrupt downstream processing processes. As a result, an extra purification step may be necessary after cell lysis, limiting their use in large-scale operations.
Chitosan/cellulose-based beads for the affinity purification of histidine-tagged proteins
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Mingcong Shao, Lili Xiu, Haijiang Zhang, Jianying Huang, Xingwen Gong
The separation of the desired protein from mixture is a laborious process and a challenging task because of the instability of the desired product, formation of aggregates, high cost of the purification process, and the problems on scaling up processes.[1] A specific protein purification technique involves engineering a sequence of histidines into the N- or C-terminal of recombinant proteins to facilitate their purifications because the polyhistidine strongly binds to divalent metal ions. After bound with the absorbent containing immobilized ions such as nickel, copper, or cobalt, all untagged proteins were washed with other solvents, and the target protein can be eluted with imidazole.[2] Typically, separation of histidine-tagged (his-tagged) proteins has been conducted in column which is attractive for their high protein loading, mild elution conditions, and easy regeneration of the metal complexes on the resin.[3] However, drawbacks in terms of complex and time-consuming pretreatment of cell lysis before the separation process, costly, and not easily scalable can be problematic.[4,5]
An overview of cell disruption methods for intracellular biomolecules recovery
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Tatiane Aparecida Gomes, Cristina Maria Zanette, Michele Rigon Spier
The cell lysis is a crucial step in the downstream of intracellular biomolecules and is the first stage of the separation process, aiming to a high yield without losses and product contamination. Therefore, the recovery of intracellular biomolecules increase the downstream cost, and the choice of the best disruption method is considered a challenge, mainly for large-scale processes.[4,6] For this purpose, the high selectivity, the energy efficiency, the operational costs, and easy of scaling-up must be taken into account.[4,5,7–9]