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Validation of Oral/Topical Liquids and Semi-Solids
Published in James Agalloco, Phil DeSantis, Anthony Grilli, Anthony Pavell, Handbook of Validation in Pharmaceutical Processes, 2021
Lotions can be emulsions, suspensions or gels, and “lotion” is a general term associated with a low viscosity topical dosage form. Lotions frequently have the phrase “shake well” on their primary packaging and may have multiple active ingredients, such as a sunscreen. This combines to make lotions difficult to sample as both in-process and final mixed bulk. It is usually necessary to sample the material while under agitation or mixing during manufacture. The author recalls witnessing one lotion that immediately developed an intermittent “oil slick” on the top surface when the mixing was stopped. This product was to be filled into unit dose form-fill and seal sample pack-ettes, and the delivered dose from this primary package was highly variable, despite having only a single active ingredient. Critical CQAs are assay, viscosity, and homogeneity.
Glycerine in Creams, Lotions, and Hair Care Products
Published in Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag, Glycerine, 2018
From a consumer point of view this is an important distinction. The usual assumption is that lotions are cheaper “workhorse products” typically used on a frequent basis for hand care. On the other hand, creams are perceived as more expensive, “heavy duty,” and often for use on the face. Whether a skin care emulsion is defined as a cream or a lotion is a function of its thickness. In general, if the product flows under its own weight it is a lotion, otherwise a cream. In practice, however, a multitude of factors can affect viscosity with no real correlation to solids content, or to the constituents used in the product. Also, the terms “cream” and “lotion” are used very loosely throughout the industry. With these factors in mind there is no real point in contextually separating them in this chapter, except to mention that characteristic in passing. Certainly, for most products, the most minor (and varied) of changes can turn a cream into a lotion and vice versa.
Evaluation of exposure to parabens in Iranian women and its association with personal care products using behavior
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2020
Yaghoub Hajizadeh, Ghasem Kiani Feizabadi, Awat Feizi, Karim Ebrahimpour
Comparison of urinary parabens levels related to using each of the PCPs in the last 24 h between two groups of users and nonusers is presented in Table 5. Urinary MP level in users of hand washing, shaving cream, lotion, body wash, makeup base, lip and eye makeup, sunscreen, and deodorant was significantly higher than those in nonusers. PP level in users of perfume/cologne, body wash, makeup base, lip makeup, sunscreen, and deodorant was significantly higher than those in nonusers. BP concentration in individuals who used makeup base was significantly higher than those who did not use (p < 0.05) (Table 5, results of MANOVA). The observed differences were remained significant between two groups after adjusting the effects of confounding variables such as age, BMI, physical activity, sampling time, pregnancy status, tobacco use, job category, family income, total PCP use, and educational level as the potential confounding variables (Table 6, results of MANCOVA). The urinary levels of MP and PP in individuals who used body wash, lip makeup, sunscreen, and deodorant during the past 24 h were significantly higher than those who did not use them. The mean level of MP in individuals using lotion and hand washing liquid, and mean concentration of PP in individuals using perfume/cologne were significantly higher than those who did not use them. The use of other PCPs did not have an association with the level of parabens (p > 0.05). Although the mean concentrations of EP and BP were higher in users of PCPs than nonusers, the observed differences were statistically significant (p > 0.05).