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IoT-Based Anaesthesia Control and Monitoring System
Published in Ambikapathy, R. Shobana, Logavani, Dharmasa, Reinvention of Health Applications with IoT, 2022
Mangolik Kundu, Souvik Datta, G. Kanimozhi
Anaesthesia is applied to induce unconsciousness during surgery. The medicine is either inhaled through a breathing respirator or tracheal tube or delivered through an intravenous (IV) line. The primary notion of a continuous-flow anaesthesia device was publicized by Henry Boyle in 1917. Primarily, anaesthesia is further subdivided into four categories based on their area of application: (a) local anaesthesia is defined as an agent given to momentarily reduce the sense of pain in a specific area of the body. A patient remains conscious once a local anaesthetic is administered. For minor operations, it can be used via injection into the site. (b) General anaesthesia induces unconsciousness throughout the surgery. The medicine is either inhaled through a breathing respirator or tube or given through an intravenous (IV) line. Drugs used in intravenous and inhaled administration of anaesthesia are presented in Table 8.1. A tracheal tube may be inserted into the windpipe to support proper breathing throughout the surgery. Once the surgery is completed, the anaesthesiologist stops the anaesthetic and the patient is taken to the recovery room for further monitoring [4]. (c) Regional anaesthesia is injected into a bundle of nerves to numb a large region of the body. (d) Neuraxial anaesthesia is placed near the spinal nerve column, making an even greater portion of the body numb compared to regional anaesthesia. Epidurals are usually given to ease the pain during childbirth [9]. Since the 1940s, the specialization of anaesthesia has contributed greatly to major advances in health care [10].
Lasers in Medicine: Healing with Light
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
Most of these procedures can be performed with minimal local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. The sensation felt when a laser is used to remove blemishes is often compared to the snapping of a rubber band on the skin. Surgical lasers can be wielded through an optical fiber ending in a hand piece for the surgeon. This system allows precise delivery of the beam to the affected region of skin. Often, the exact exposure time and intensity for a particular procedure are metered out by computer-controlled systems, making procedures both safer and more precise. The popularity of these procedures – and their high payoff – has led to a constant technological evolution in the variety of lasers available for all surgical applications, with new wavelengths and laser properties constantly becoming available.
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Published in Marilyn Sue Bogner, Human Error in Medicine, 2018
Every patient who has surgery requires some kind of anesthesia. There are three types of anesthesia: local, regional, and general. For local anesthesia, drugs that block nerve conduction (local anesthetics) are injected immediately around the site of surgery before and during the surgical procedure. Local anesthesia is often provided by surgeons without anesthetists present, but when patients have diseases that need to be monitored, when they may require carefully managed sedation, or when a more extensive operation might ensue necessitating general anesthesia, an anesthetist is asked to conduct monitored anesthesia care and is present throughout the case.
Uniportal versus biportal endoscopic spine surgery: a comprehensive review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
There are several characteristics of the endoscopic approach compared to the open or microscopic approach: 1) moving the eye near the pathologic lesions, 2) the keyhole approach, and 3) the requirement of the working channel. First, the visual device is usually positioned in front of the lesion using a surgical endoscope, and the endoscope can be moved according to the surgeon’s requirements regarding the pathology. Therefore, even with a small skin incision, surgeons can attain a wide angle of vision. Second, the surgical approach can be performed through a small keyhole, and there is no need for a wide skin incision or muscle retraction. A direct bypass is possible under local anesthesia. Third, a specially designed working channel is required to insert the surgical devices or endoscopes. These working channels ensure a clear visual field and allow for tissue manipulation.
Review on 3D printing in dentistry: conventional to personalized dental care
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Shadaan Ahmad, Nazeer Hasan, Akash Gupta, Arif Nadaf, Lubna Ahmad, Mohd. Aqil, Prashant Kesharwani
Surgery was performed under local anesthesia. Three pins were inserted at this stage in order to fix the surgical stent to the patient’s mandible (Anchor pin, Institute Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland). The patient’s arches were maintained in occlusion during the insertion of the pins, and once the stent was fixed, the patient was allowed to disclose its arches, and the maxillary denture was removed. Microflaps were performed with microblades in order to displace the keratinized tissue, which was reduced in width as often happens in edentulous mandibles. Six implants with a macro-design especially designed for immediate loading procedures and a surface intended to enhance osseo-integration (SLActive BLX implants, Institute Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) were. Surgical stent ready after its production process; (b) Surgical stent kept in place before insertion of the pins by the maxillary prosthesis contacting on three reference points. Surgery was performed under local anaesthesia.
Lidocaine loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for prolonged local anesthesia: in vitro and in vivo studies
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Meng Suo, Xu Zhao, Guanling Yu, Wenjia Zhang
Lidocaine used to manage the local pain, showed short duration of action (< 2 h). In this paper, the lidocaine was entrapped in the nanostructured lipid carrier to prolong the local anesthesia. The SEM image of Ld-NLCs showed smooth and spherical nanoparticles with no evidence of aggregation. The zetasizer report showed size in the range of 98 to 221 nm. The ex vivo permeation data of lidocaine from the Ld-NLCs batch showed sustain (10 h) release in comparison to the marketed ointment (4 h), which suggest the potential of nanostructured lipid carrier. The Ld-NLCs was safe in the skin irritation study. The radiant heat tail flick and sciatic nerve block model showed sustain local anesthetic effect in comparison to the marketed ointment. The study demonstrate the potential application of the nanostructured lipid carrier system for prolong the local anesthesia for the effective management of local pain.