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Coordination and Auto-Propagation of ROS Signaling in Plants
Published in Hasanuzzaman Mirza, Nahar Kamrun, Fujita Masayuki, Oku Hirosuke, Tofazzal M. Islam, Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 2019
Suruchi Singh, Abdul Hamid, Madhoolika Agrawal, S.B. Agrawal
Direct coupling of ROS signaling with the primary cellular metabolism is a key feature of ROS signaling in cells. ROS accumulation, for example, can cause an inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in mitochondrion and upregulation of glycolysis and oxidative pentose phosphate pathways (Baxter et al., 2007). In chloroplasts, ROS signaling is coupled to the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool and plays an important role in the response of plants to changes in environmental conditions (Pfannschmidt et al., 2008). Plants optimize their photosynthetic activity by regulating the association of light-harvesting complexes with thylakoids and by adjusting photosystem stochiometry to rearrange the balance of excitation energy (Pesaresi et al., 2009). A chloroplast sensor kinase has also recently been shown to be required for the regulation of gene expression in chloroplasts in response to changes in the redox state of electron carriers connecting the two photosystems (Puthiyaveetil et al., 2008).
Nanoscience and Technology in Solar Cells
Published in Kaufui V. Wong, Nanotechnology and Energy, 2017
Kaufui V. Wong, Nicholas Perilla, Patrick Andrew Paddon
Another recent discovery was by colleagues of Washington University in St. Louis and the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory as the use of chlorosomes for converting sunlight to energy. These have been analyzed in green photosynthetic bacteria through the use of small-angle neutron scattering and have proven efficient even in low-light and extreme environments. Researchers referred to it as one of the most efficient lightharvesting complexes in nature. It was observed under a spectrum of thermal and ionic conditions, in which they altered very little structurally ensuring their stability. Certain factors, such as the size, shape, and organization, are important to light-harvesting complexes such as chlorosomes and affect electron transfer to semiconductor electrodes. The complicated complex is also able to capture light efficiently over vast areas and focus the light to the reaction center without losing large amounts of it [29].
Microalgae for Pigments and Cosmetics
Published in Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
Nídia S. Caetano, Priscila S. Corrêa, Wilson G. de Morais Júnior, Gisela M. Oliveira, António A.A. Martins, Teresa M. Mata, Monique Branco-Vieira
On the other hand, carotenoids are natural lipid-soluble pigments and compose a large family of isoprenoid molecules, involved in the photosynthetic process and serving as precursors of other compounds (Liu et al., 2021). In the photosynthetic process, they play an important role as light-harvesting complexes and as photoprotective compounds.
Moringa oleifera smoke induced positive changes in biochemical, metabolic, and antioxidant profile of rice seedling under cadmium stress
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Gulmeena Shah, Jumin Tu, Muhammad Fayyaz, Sadaf Masood, Habib Ullah, Muhammad Jamil
Photosynthetic pigments are essential for the photosynthesis mechanism, and these pigments play a vital role in the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (PSII). Different Cd+2 concentrations significantly affect Chlorophyll “a,” “b” and carotenoid content (Figure 4a–c). Cadmium disturbs the structure of the molecule, damaging the chloroplast membrane and replacing Mg+2 ions resulting in the reduction of photosynthetic content (Krantev et al.2008; Guo et al. 2016). Our results are also supported by Vijayarengan (2012), who reported that the chlorophyll and carotenoids content reduced with increasing Cd+2 stress. Smoke-water (1:1,000) treated seedlings showed tolerance against toxic cadmium by enhancing pigment content. The alleviating role of smoke could be due to restoring the potassium ions that help in stomata closure and leaves strengthening (Guo et al. 2016). The study of Jamil et al. (2012) and Khan et al. (2017) also revealed that under salt stress, smoke priming effectively increases chlorophyll “a” “b” and total carotenoids.