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Neuro-Ophthalmology
Published in Anthony N. Nicholson, The Neurosciences and the Practice of Aviation Medicine, 2017
It should be added that all of the tests mentioned so far use surface colours and the spectral content of the test colours will vary with the illumination. All the tests are standardized using a standard white illumination known as ‘luminance C’ at photopic levels, and with a spectral content equivalent to the light coming through a north-facing window in the northern hemisphere on an overcast day. It is rare to find this specific illumination being used in clinical practice and the accuracy of the tests suffers as a result. Increasingly, these tests are being made available for computer monitors where calibration of the monitor is crucial. Copies of the Ishihara test accessed on the internet or as iPhone apps cannot be considered to be accurate.
Influences of Color Salience and Location of Website Links on User Performance and Affective Experience with a Mobile Web Directory
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Yaqin Cao, Robert W. Proctor, Yi Ding, Vincent G. Duffy, Yun Zhang, Xuefeng Zhang
As in previous studies (Ding et al., 2020; Guo et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016, 2019; Q. Wang et al., 2014), the participants in this study were all college students. Student samples are considered for the following two reasons: First, college students comprise a large portion of the mobile Internet users worldwide. Therefore, college students’ responses to different webpage interfaces provide valuable practical information for companies to improve their webpage designs to attract and retain these groups. Second, previous studies have suggested that students share very similar affective responses to visual stimuli as other age groups given that “human emotions are generally regarded as basic physiological and mental states that result from collecting sensory information and transmitting it to cognitive and behavioral systems” (Deng & Poole, 2010). Although the insights collected from college students allow researchers to gauge the affective responses of other groups to Web directories with different color and location of website links, it would be worthwhile to examine the impact of individual differences (e.g., age, gender, occupation, and culture) on performance, affective experiences and approach-avoidance response to verify the external validity of the results. Particularly, approximately 4% of the world population has some degree of color blindness (Corbett et al., 2016), and 8% of the male population is color-blind (Pelet & Papadopoulou, 2012). Although no participant reported colorblindness in our study, a test for color blindness (e.g., The Ishihara test) (Ichihara, 1999) could be conducted to guarantee that participants were not color blind. It is also worth to figure out how to design mobile Web directories for those particular groups.