Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities

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Perceptual Impairments

Published in Julie A. Jacko, The Human–Computer Interaction Handbook, 2012

Julie A. Jacko, V. Kathlene Leonard, Molly A. McClellan, Ingrid U. Scott

There are two main types of diabetic retinopathy: nonproliferative and proliferative. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy refers to retinal microvascular changes that are limited to the confines of the retina and include such findings as microaneurysms, dot and blot intraretinal hemorrhages, retinal edema, hard exudates, dilation and bleeding of retinal veins, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities, nerve fiber layer infarcts, arteriolar abnormalities, and focal areas of capillary nonperfusion. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy can affect visual function through two mechanisms: intraretinal capillary closure resulting in macular ischemia, and increased retinal vascular permeability resulting in macular edema. Clinically significant macular edema is defined as any one of the following: (1) retinal edema located at or within 500 μm of the center of the macula; (2) hard exudates at or within 500 μm of the center if associated with thickening of adjacent retina; and (3) a zone of retinal thickening larger than one optic disc area if located within one disc diameter of the center of the macula.

A Comprehensive Survey on the Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy

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Journal Information

Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022

Sachin Panchal, Manesh Kokare

One or more of the following: Intraretinal hemorrhages.Venous beading.Prominent intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA).