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Microbial enzymes and potential use in algal polysaccharide modifications
Published in Antonio Trincone, Enzymatic Technologies for Marine Polysaccharides, 2019
Daniela de Borba Gurpilhares, Lara Durães Sette, Adalberto Pessoa
Biotechnological transformations (by the use of enzymes) are employed in ester production. The lipase-catalyzed reaction could be an example of an economically viable biotransformation for aromatic ester synthesis. These compounds are known to be important ingredients in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and personal-care products, like perfumes, body lotions, face creams, shampoos, soaps, shower-shaving gels, and other toiletries, due to their flavor and fragrance properties. Lipases are responsible not only for the hydrolysis of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol but also possess the ability to catalyze several reactions, such as esterification (alcohol and carboxylic acid), transesterification (ester and alcohol), interesterification (ester and acid), and transfer of acyl groups from esters to other nucleophiles (e.g., amines and thiols) (Sá et al. 2017).
Canola Protein and Oil-based Wood Adhesives
Published in Zhongqi He, Bio-based Wood Adhesives, 2017
Ningbo Li, Guangyan Qi, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai Wang
Canola oil, which has a homogeneous fatty acid composition of more than 90% of 18 carbon fatty acids, is usually hydrogenated to produce shortenings and margarines because the trans isomers have higher melting points than cis fatty acids (Table 4) (Milchert and Smagowicz, 2009). Triglycerides are the most abundant lipid class found in canola oil (Przybylski et al., 2005). Commercial production of canola oil includes mechanical pressing and solvent extraction incorporation with degumming, refining, bleaching, interesterification, and dewaxing processes. Canola oil is an essential oil crop to humans, valued for its culinary versatility and nutritional qualities in the human diet. In addition, oil is the most important component of the canola seed in terms of market value. Many researches have been conducted to discover the application of canola oil in industrial application. Baroi and Dalai (2015) evaluated the sustainability of homogeneous and heterogeneous acid-catalyzed biodiesel production process from canola oil and concluded that this process is more energy efficient and environmentally friendly than the homogeneous process. Other canola oil-based value-added products include wood coatings (Kong et al., 2013; Philipp and Eschig, 2012), plasticizers (Dabbagh, 2011), and biodegradable lubricants from epoxidation of rapeseed oil (Arumugam et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2000).
Biolubricant Production Catalyzed by Enzymes
Published in Brajendra K. Sharma, Girma Biresaw, Environmentally Friendly and Biobased Lubricants, 2016
José André Cavalcanti da Silva
The industrial interest for enzymatic technology has been gradually growing, mainly in the areas of protein engineering and nonconventional media enzymology, which have considerably increased the potential application of enzymes as industrial process catalysts. Enzyme-catalyzed processes of high interest include lipid hydrolysis, synthesis, and interesterification reactions. The reasons for the huge biotechnological potential of enzymatic catalysis (lipase) include the following: (i) have high stability in organic solvents; (ii) do not require presence of cofactors; (iii) have wide substrate specificity; and (iv) exhibit a high enantioselectivity [23]. Recognition of these advantages has provided a considerable increase in the production and commercialization of lipases, resulting in the development of alternative technologies for using it in industrial scale.
Development of the emulsions containing modified fats formed via enzymatic interesterification catalyzed by specific lipase with various amount of water
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2019
Małgorzata Kowalska, Magdalena Woźniak, Anna Krzton-Maziopa, Serge Tavernier, Łukasz Pazdur, Anna Żbikowska
Generally, interesterification can be catalyzed both enzymatically and chemically. Enzymatic catalysts are obtained from microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and fungi such as Candida Rugosa or Mucor miehei. Their most important advantage is regioselectivity targeting of the FA to the specific position in the triacylglycerol molecule.[11] Water content in enzyme preparations used as reaction biocatalysts is one of the most important factor influencing the reaction.[12] During interesterification a hydrolysis of fats occurs. Additional amount of water added to the reaction system causes imbalance between the interesterification process and the hydrolysis of the fat. Therefore, interesterified fats contain increased amount of polar fraction (DAG, MAG and FFA). Mono and diacylglycerols present in the modified fat blend obtained by this process can be used as emulsifiers in dispersion systems.
Glycerol free biodiesel synthesis by application of methyl formate in enzymatic interesterification of rapeseed oil
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2023
Violeta Makarevičienė, Kiril Kazancev, Eglė Sendžikienė, Milda Gumbytė
Figure 2(b) shows the effect of catalyst amount and reaction time on RME yield when the molar ratio of methyl formate to oil was 30:1. It is clear that the duration of the reaction has a direct influence on the product yield, which increases proportionally as the duration of the process increases. Many scientists indicate that the duration of the enzymatic process has a significant influence on the yield of products obtained during interesterification. In the studies of rapeseed oil interesterificatoion with methyl formate using a slightly different catalyst – Lipozyme RM IM, it was found that the process time has a very significant influence on the RME yield, and the optimal process time was 40 h, during which 67.9% RME yield was obtained (17). Using other acyl receptors, the researchers also observed a significant effect of duration on the product yield of the enzymatic interesterification process. The vast majority of results obtained for interesterification using methyl and ethyl acetates show that the optimal process time required to obtain high product yield is between 12 and 84 h (15, 16, 20). Using ethyl acetate as an acyl receptor, high yields of ethyl esters were obtained in 12–14 h. Nguyen et al. (15) achieved 90–92.7% yield of insect oil methyl ethers within 12 h. using methyl acetate as an interesterification agent, an 82% yield of olive oil methyl esters was obtained in only 96 h (23). A yield of 85.3% seaweed oil methyl esters was obtained within 60 h, as indicated by Surendhiran et al. (24). Ruzich and Bassi (25) obtained 50% yield of waste canola oil methyl esters in 48 h.