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Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Endoscopic surgeries use insufflation of an inert gas into the body space where the surgery is to be performed – generally the abdomen – thus creating a non-flammable gas-filled cavity allowing visualization of the procedure by an endoscopic visual camera. Gasses used for endoscopic surgery include carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, helium, argon, nitrogen, and room air.245 Though CO2 and argon are known thermal insulators, the close quarters within a body cavity prevent gaseous attenuation of infrared radiation to any appreciable extent. Because a cavity insufflated for endoscopic surgery quickly takes on the core temperature, thermography cannot visualize infected or inflamed areas within the cavity as warmer than other tissues. Continuous insufflation of a cooled moist gas might theoretically allow endoscopic thermography to detect ischemic or inflamed tissues, but this has not been reported in studies.
Design and fluid flow simulation of modified laparoscopic forceps
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Md. Abdul Raheem Junaidi, Ram Chandra Murthy Kalluri, Y. V. Daseswara Rao, Alla Gopala Krishna Gokhale, Aakrit Patel
To overcome all these deficiencies faced by surgeons and patients, a new surgical technique was introduced in the late 19th century, namely laparoscopy, which was a game-changer in the entire surgical domain. Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgery that requires multiple small incisions of the order 5–10 mm, instead of broader cuts of sizes 150–200 mm in case of open surgeries. In order to have a clear view of internal organs, the abdomen of the patient is inflated by pumping an inert gas, like carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 has a high diffusion coefficient, non-flammable, and colorless. Hence, it is typically used for insufflation (capnoperitoneum) in minimally invasive surgeries like arthroscopy, endoscopy, and laparoscopy. It can also be rapidly cleared from the body as it is a natural metabolic end product and can reduce the risk of complications after venous embolism. Laparoscopy is used in the case of major surgeries such as removal of stones from kidney and gall bladder, removal of the gall bladder, cutting appendices, cancerous tissue resection, and many more (Tung et al. 2015).