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Assessment of Quercetin Isolated from Enicostemma Littorale Against Few Cancer Targets: An in Silico Approach
Published in A. K. Haghi, Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, Lionello Pogliani, Devrim Balköse, Francisco Torrens, Omari V. Mukbaniani, Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2017
Colorectal cancer, less formally known as bowel cancer, is a cancer characterized by neoplasia in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Colorectal cancer is clinically distinct from anal cancer, which affects the anus. Colorectal cancers start in the lining of the bowel. If it left untreated, it could grow into the muscle layers underneath, and then through the bowel wall. Most begin as a small growth on the bowel wall: a colorectal polyp or adenoma. These mushroom-shaped growths are usually benign, but some develop into cancer over time. Localized bowel cancer is usually diagnosed through colonoscopy. Invasive cancers that are confined within the wall of the colon (Tetranitromethane (TNM) stages I and II) are often curable with surgery. Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, but it is more common in developed countries. More than half of the people who die of colorectal cancer live in a developed region of the world (http://globocan.iarc.fr/). GLOBOSCAN estimated that, in 2008 reported 1.23 million cases with colorectal cancer of which more than 600,000 people died.
Multimodal Imaging
Published in John G Webster, Minimally Invasive Medical Technology, 2016
Virtual colonoscopy is a good and virtually simple application to explain image fusion. Colonoscopy is the visual examination of the lining of the large intestine (Chan 1999). The large intestine lining can be seen using an optical fiber camera inserted into the anus. An alternative that has been explored is called virtual colonoscopy. This procedure starts with an abdominal CT scan followed by some image processing performed on a general-purpose workstation. The fusion of multiple 2D images into a single 3D image is what qualifies virtual colonoscopy as an image fusion application.
Lung Cancer Screening Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Lung Imaging and CADx, 2019
Alison Wenholz, Ikenna Okereke
In 60% of patients diagnosed with small cell lung cancer, the disease has already progressed to stage IV. Non–small cell lung cancer is diagnosed at stage IV in 50% of patients [2]. The prognosis of lung cancer is poor because it is diagnosed in the advanced stages. The mean survival after diagnosis is only 9 months, and the 5-year survival rate is 15% [5]. Breast cancer is currently diagnosed as stage I in 40% of patients [6]. This is due primarily to the comprehensive screening program that exists in the United States with annual mammograms for women. The majority of prostate cancer is currently diagnosed at stage I. This rate of early diagnosis is, once again, due in part to a screening program that exists for prostate cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends that beginning at age 50, men who are at average risk of prostate cancer have a conversation with their primary care provider about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and make an informed decision about whether to be tested based on their personal values and preferences. The widespread use of the PSA blood test has decreased because the test overinflated the diagnosed rate of prostate cancer. Colorectal cancer is currently diagnosed at a localized stage in 39% of patients. This is due to colonoscopy screening beginning at the age of 50. Colonoscopy allows physicians to detect and remove precancerous and cancerous lesions [1]. Current screening methods are effective at detecting breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer in their early stages. Compared to breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancers, lung cancer is diagnosed at a much later stage because there is a lack of implemented screening. A widespread screening modality for lung cancer could increase the number of lung cancer cases detected at earlier, curable stages, thereby decreasing mortality.
Health analytics in business research: a literature review
Published in Journal of Management Analytics, 2023
Quanchen Liu, Mengli Yu, Bingqing Xiong, Zhao Cai, Pengzhu Zhang, Chee-Wee Tan
First, some research examined issues related to capacity allocation for inpatient care. For example, (Shi et al., 2021) developed a workload prediction and decision support tool to provide mission-critical, actionable information for individual hospitals. Their framework forecasts time-varying patient workload and demand for critical resources by integrating disease progression models, tailored to data availability during different stages of the pandemic. Technologies that enable “e-visits” – remote interactions between patients and physicians – are touted as a way to improve and expand primary care. Therefore, (Bavafa et al., 2021) examined how physicians could divert some of the patient demand away from office visits and into e-visits, which utilize less of the physician’s service capacity while maintaining quality care. They showed that the impact of e-visits on system outcomes depends on factors such as e-visit compensation scheme and patient panel characteristics. In fact, e-visits can lead to smaller panel sizes and lower panel health. (Gunes et al., 2015) explored how the capacity of colonoscopy services should be allocated for screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer to improve health outcomes. To minimize mortality, the capacity should be allocated in a manner that ensures a reasonable waiting time for diagnosis.
The World Trade Center Health Program: Cancer screening and cancer care best practices
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2023
Geoffrey M. Calvert, Gerald Lilly, John Cochran
The 2021 USPSTF update recommends that individuals at average risk and aged 45–75 years of age be screened for colorectal cancer (persons at average risk are those with no prior diagnosis of colorectal cancer, adenomatous polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease, and no personal diagnosis or family history of known genetic disorders that predispose them to a high lifetime risk of colorectal cancer [such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis]). There are several recommended screening strategies including colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, high-sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood testing, and fecal immunochemical testing (Table 1).14 Details can be found at this link: https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening. Using data from 2015, it was estimated that 63% of US adult women and 62% of US adult men aged 50 to 75 years were up to date for colorectal cancer screening.15
Impact of administration route on nanocarrier biodistribution in a murine colitis model
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2022
Catherine C. Applegate, Hongping Deng, Brittany L. Kleszynski, Tzu-Wen L. Cross, Christian J. Konopka, L. Wawrzyniec Dobrucki, Erik R. Nelson, Matthew A. Wallig, Andrew M. Smith, Kelly S. Swanson
With the increasing prevalence of IBD worldwide and the deleterious consequences associated with a lack of treatment, it is important to develop diagnostic tools that accurately identify and characterize areas of inflammation associated with IBD. Colonoscopy and endoscopy can visualize limited sections of the intestines, but these methods are invasive and lack repeatability [42]. Although MRI and CT imaging provide a more global assessment of intestinal and extraintestinal inflammation, these methods rely on anatomical contrast alone or non-specific accumulation of contrast agents in areas of active inflammation [43]. Radiolabeled nanomaterials can directly target inflammatory cells and can be visualized by PET to quantitatively assess inflammation severity across independent lesions, improving the specificity of the combined CT imaging modality.