Inframammary fold

Inframammary fold

Designing for Upper Torso and Arm Anatomy

Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019

Breasts—composed primarily of fat and connective tissue—vary in form, shape, and size person to person, and often side to side. The anatomical boundaries of the breast are the second or third rib superiorly and the inframammary fold, the crease below the breast; the sternum medially and the mid-axillary line laterally (Pandya & Moore, 2011). Two regions of breast tissue overlay thoracic wall muscles: (1) the cone-shaped body of the breast with the nipple at its apex lies above the pectoralis major muscle and (2) an extension, the axillary tail, extends from the breast body into the armpit.

U-Net Convolutional Neural Networks for breast IR imaging segmentation on frontal and lateral view

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Journal Information

Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023

Elisson Carlos de Carvalho, Alessandra Martins Coelho, Aura Conci, Matheus de Freitas Oliveira Baffa

Oliveira (2012) proposed an automatic segmentation method for IR lateral view images. First, the images are converted to greyscale for further background removal. After that, the authors detect the body edges as well as the inframammary fold for lower breast region removal. This method was evaluated using 328 images from DMR-UFF database and achieved an 93% accuracy, 95% sensitivity, and 96% specificity.

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Designing for Upper Torso and Arm Anatomy

U-Net Convolutional Neural Networks for breast IR imaging segmentation on frontal and lateral view