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Cognitive Bias Mitigation: Becoming Better Diagnosticians
Published in Pat Croskerry, Karen S. Cosby, Mark L. Graber, Hardeep Singh, Diagnosis, 2017
Some degree of debiasing is part of everyday living. We learn the consequences of certain actions and take steps to avoid falling into the same traps. Often we can do this using forcing strategies or deliberately suppressing impulsivity in certain situations. We can’t find our car keys, usually at a time when we are in a hurry, so we (some of us at least) learn the forcing strategy of always putting them in a specific place as soon as we arrive home [15]. In other domains, we have learned that it is a good idea to suppress belief and be skeptical when we are offered deals that are too good to be true, such as the Nigerian email looking for our financial support. Interestingly, higher intelligence does not necessarily protect against such follies [73].
Enhancing the understanding of suspicion development across time: two studies on human versus virtual teammates, goal type, impulsivity, and contrast effects
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2023
Alex J. Barelka, Philip Bobko, Eric D. Wesselmann
Although we did confirm Hypothesis 1 in Study 1 (i.e. inverse parabolic relation of discrepancies to suspicion), it was felt that a more refined understanding was possible. We thus considered the notion that pre-existing individual differences would help explain the strength of the effect. Given that attentional factors (e.g. social/performance goal type) influenced levels of suspicion, we turned to the literature on impulsivity because of its focus on immediate, individual reactions to stimuli. More specifically, impulsivity is conceived as a predisposition toward rapid, unplanned reactions to stimuli, including acting without thinking and making quick decisions (Patton, Stanford, and Barratt 1995; Stanford et al. 2009). Thus, we suggest that relatively impulsive individuals will be predisposed to more quickly, and hence more strongly, react to our discrepancy manipulation (stimuli of reduced ball toss), and their suspicion will increase more than relatively non-impulsive individuals. Hypothesis 5. Impulsivity will moderate the effect of discrepancies on suspicion. More specifically, the inverse relation between discrepancies and suspicion will be stronger for individuals who are relatively more impulsive than for individuals who are less impulsive.
Physical exercise is tied to emotion-related impulsivity: insights from correlational analyses in healthy humans
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Florian Javelle, Anke Vogel, Sylvain Laborde, Max Oberste, Matthew Watson, Philipp Zimmer
Impulsivity is a multidimensional concept encompassing many aspects of cognition and behaviour. It can be defined as acting on a moment to moment basis without precognition or prior consideration of adverse repercussions (Whiteside & Lynam, 2001). Impulsivity is a transdiagnostic risk factor for a broad range of psychiatric disorders (Johnson, Tharp, Peckham, Carver, & Haase, 2017). Indeed, this personality trait has been linked to various psychopathologies, including personality disorder (Mulder, Joyce, Sullivan, Bulik, & Carter, 1999), aggression (Corruble, Damy, & Guelfi, 1999), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (Guerrero et al., 2019), bipolar disorder (Swann, Anderson, Dougherty, & Moeller, 2001), substance abuse disorder (Perry & Carroll, 2008), addiction (Whiteside & Lynam, 2003), depression (Carver, Johnson, & Joormann, 2008), and suicide (Corruble et al., 1999).
Effects of Security Knowledge, Self-Control, and Countermeasures on Cybersecurity Behaviors
Published in Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2023
Gottfredson and Hirschi33 defined self-control as the degree to which a person is “vulnerable to the temptations of the moment” (p. 87). Thus, those who are more vulnerable to these temptations are described as having low self-control. On the other hand, individuals with high self-control tend to consider the long-term consequences of their behavior and display proper behavioral adjustment.33 Drawing from Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory, Grasmick et al.34 developed a six-factor attitudinal low self-control scale that includes impulsivity, simple tasks, risk-taking, physical activities, self-centeredness, and temper. This study excluded the dimension of physical activities because participation in RCySecB requires a mental and not a physical effort. Impulsivity refers to the tendency to act without thinking or foresight. Simple tasks refer to activities that are not complicated or easy to perform. Risk-taking refers to conscious or unconscious behavior with uncertainty about its outcome. Self-centeredness is concerned with engrossment in one’s interests or well-being. Temper refers to the propensity to be angered swiftly.