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The Baseline
Published in Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger, Mining and the Environment, 2019
Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger
Planning is the first step to successful fieldwork. The planning process is to baseline surveys what a foundation is to a building. Poor planning, like a poor foundation, often produces shaky results. Planning will also save time and money but more importantly planning shows the activities and resources required to accomplish the objectives of field surveys. Planning, whether viewed as a process or an analytical framework, is not linear but iterative. That is, the results of early steps often need to be revised after later steps are completed. A good reason for documenting the fieldwork plan is so that it can be reviewed by data users. Some jurisdictions require that work plans for field surveys and for ESIA preparation be reviewed and approved by the regulating authority prior to initiating actual fieldwork.
Meaningful stakeholder participation in marine spatial planning with offshore energy
Published in Katherine L. Yates, Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Offshore Energy and Marine Spatial Planning, 2018
Ensuring meaningful, effective stakeholder participation in marine spatial planning with offshore energy requires clear communication throughout a transparent process that balances power and ensures integration of stakeholder input. The (real or perceived) notion that offshore energy is at an inherent advantage makes effective engagement with and empowerment of other stakeholders especially important. In this power-imbalance context, it will be even more essential that participation mechanisms clearly show stakeholders how their input has been used if they are to engage in and trust the process. By using methods that allow robust collection of stakeholder data and then integrating those data into trade-off analysis and decision-support tools, planners create mechanisms for engaging create mechanisms for engaging stakeholders in an inclusive, transparent and more meaningful way. Stakeholders will have the opportunity to inform the processes rather than just be consulted on planning outcomes, and planners can readily communicate the impact stakeholder input had. Practicalities will dictate that only a few ‘entitled’ stakeholders will be involved in the more meaningful negotiation and decision-making aspects of participation, but this way their decisions will be informed by more inclusive participation.
Concepts, terminology and organisation of coastal planning management
Published in Robert Kay, Jacqueline Alder, Coastal Planning and Management, 2017
There are perhaps as many types of plans as there are people attempting to classify them. Businesses produce business plans, operational plans, corporate strategies and so on. Some governments have a Department of Planning which, as the name suggests, has as one of its core activities the production and administration of formalised systems of planning – usually land-use planning and/or economic planning. However, despite the large number of plans, and different approaches to planning, the vast majority of plans and planning initiatives can be characterised as either strategic or operational.
Dream to posture: visual posturing of a tendon-driven hand using world model and muscle synergies
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2023
Matthew Ishige, Tadahiro Taniguchi, Yoshihiro Kawahara
The regression baselines failed to achieve satisfactory visual posturing performance. We speculate that this was due to hysteresis in the relation between finger movement and tendon actuation caused by friction in the tendon paths and the elasticity of the tendons. To confirm this hypothesis, we conducted a simple experiment, which is depicted in Figure 9. As shown in the figure, feeding the final motor angles of a successful episode did not lead to the target hand posture. This clearly indicates that the actuation history is important for accurate hand posturing. We also observed overshooting behaviors in the proposed controller, as shown in Figure 10. To bring the index finger to the final position, it was raised excessively at t = 4. This illustrates the importance of predictive planning.
Managing global supply chain risks: effects of the industry sector
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2021
Mohit Srivastava, Helen Rogers
In any industry, the executives typically develop scenario planning for short- and long-range decision-making processes. Long-term planning usually entails strategic planning, while short-range planning consists of daily activities such as operational planning. However, the specific industry dynamics should determine how a company executes its scenario planning (Chermack et al. 2017). For example, an industry with rapid consumer dynamics will have very different requirements compared to slow consumer dynamics. Ritchie and Marshall (1993) found that industry-specific effects are essential when developing risk mitigation strategies. These industry-specific risks could originate from input and product uncertainties, as well as from a dynamic competitive landscape (Miller 1991). Furthermore, the level of cost reduction pressure (Squire et al. 2006) and the current trend of digitisation are shaping industries in different ways, thereby modifying the risk generation and risk mitigation requirements (Qin, Mo, and Jing 2016). This further indicates that the risk mitigation strategies are sector-specific (Christopher and Peck 2004).
Travel Plans in Public Transit Networks Using Artificial Intelligence Planning Models
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2019
Fernando Elizalde-Ramírez, Romeo Sanchez Nigenda, Iris A. Martínez-Salazar, Yasmín Á. Ríos-Solís
AI Planning is a natural formalism for representing public transit networks. Planning is the process of synthesizing courses of actions that, if executed from a specified initial state (e.g., an initial location in the transportation network), will achieve a set of objectives (e.g., the desired destination) (Ghallab, Nau, and Traverso 2004). Our models use the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL – Fox and Long 2003) to encode transit network information. The proposed models consider space information for transportation units in the network (e.g., buses), and consider user preferences (e.g., cost, walking distances) as constraints on the travel plans generated. Given that we use standard AI knowledge representation techniques to generate our models, we can leverage on any domain-independent planning algorithm to compute travel plans. By decoupling model design from algorithm construction, we gain on flexibility and richness of solutions since different paradigms can be used to generate them.