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The Baseline
Published in Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger, Mining and the Environment, 2019
Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger
Planning is the first step to successful fieldwork. The planning process is to baseline surveys what a foundation is to a building. Poor planning, like a poor foundation, often produces shaky results. Planning will also save time and money but more importantly planning shows the activities and resources required to accomplish the objectives of field surveys. Planning, whether viewed as a process or an analytical framework, is not linear but iterative. That is, the results of early steps often need to be revised after later steps are completed. A good reason for documenting the fieldwork plan is so that it can be reviewed by data users. Some jurisdictions require that work plans for field surveys and for ESIA preparation be reviewed and approved by the regulating authority prior to initiating actual fieldwork.
Concepts, terminology and organisation of coastal planning management
Published in Robert Kay, Jacqueline Alder, Coastal Planning and Management, 2017
There are perhaps as many types of plans as there are people attempting to classify them. Businesses produce business plans, operational plans, corporate strategies and so on. Some governments have a Department of Planning which, as the name suggests, has as one of its core activities the production and administration of formalised systems of planning – usually land-use planning and/or economic planning. However, despite the large number of plans, and different approaches to planning, the vast majority of plans and planning initiatives can be characterised as either strategic or operational.
Leading the Strategy
Published in Anthony Graffeo, Leading Science and Technology-Based Organizations, 2018
The strategic planning process starts with developing or updating the organization’s mission, vision, and values and finishes with a strategy designed to fulfill its mission and achieve its vision. The mission is usually a variation of developing, deploying, and exploiting S&T to create value for the organization depending on the industry sector. In the case of governments and research institutions, the mission is often expanded to include recommending policies and commercializing technologies based on sound science to stimulate economic and social development.
Dream to posture: visual posturing of a tendon-driven hand using world model and muscle synergies
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2023
Matthew Ishige, Tadahiro Taniguchi, Yoshihiro Kawahara
The regression baselines failed to achieve satisfactory visual posturing performance. We speculate that this was due to hysteresis in the relation between finger movement and tendon actuation caused by friction in the tendon paths and the elasticity of the tendons. To confirm this hypothesis, we conducted a simple experiment, which is depicted in Figure 9. As shown in the figure, feeding the final motor angles of a successful episode did not lead to the target hand posture. This clearly indicates that the actuation history is important for accurate hand posturing. We also observed overshooting behaviors in the proposed controller, as shown in Figure 10. To bring the index finger to the final position, it was raised excessively at t = 4. This illustrates the importance of predictive planning.
Selection of appropriate on-site household sanitation options for rural communities of Zimbabwe – case of Mbire district, Zimbabwe
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Artwell Kanda, Esper Jacobeth Ncube, Kuku Voyi
Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is an approach (also group of techniques) which can be coupled with a problem structuring method (Belton et al. 2010) and be used as an integrated framework to aid decision-making. It is used to identify the most preferred alternative, rank different alternatives or distinguish acceptable from unacceptable ones. MCDA techniques such as outranking methods, analytic hierarchy process and multi-attribute value theory were applied in evaluating sanitation alternatives. Simple multi-attribute ranking technique (SMART), a type of multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) measurement (Bakus et al. 1982) has been used in sanitation planning alone, modified or combined with other techniques. A simple and transparent MCDA framework based on the SMART procedure is proposed to inform decision-makers in selecting appropriate sanitation technologies (ASTs) in a participatory manner for rural communities in LMICs. As Zimbabwe proposes to consider alternative sanitation options which are available on the sanitation market, appropriate ones should be selected considering all relevant stakeholders to address the sanitation needs of the local people, requiring an integrated technology selection framework. A strength, weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis is a strategic planning tool that is used to evaluate decision-making (Kim and Park 2019) such as MCDA.
A roadmap for the VISIR remote lab
Published in European Journal of Engineering Education, 2022
Gustavo R. Alves, Maria A. Marques, André V. Fidalgo, Javier García-Zubía, Manuel Castro, Unai Hernández-Jayo, Felix García-Loro, Christian Kreiter
A SWOT (acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis is a framework used to evaluate an organisation’s, projects or business’ competitive position and to develop strategic planning. Its purpose is to leverage the organisation’s strengths, improve weaknesses, minimise threats, and take advantage of opportunities. By compiling information into these four dimensions, it is also possible to identify internal and external factors affecting the organisation's performance, thus contributing to a more efficient and most effective future strategic planning. A SWOT analysis is normally implemented by a team with great but diversified knowledge, to provide a better insight understanding the organisation’s position thus encouraging new ideas and decision making on how to build strengths, exploit opportunities, minimise weaknesses, and protect from threats.