China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Anoxic Prokaryotes
Published in Volodymyr Ivanov, Environmental Microbiology for Engineers, 2020
Sulfate-reducers (Archaeoglobus) and extremely thermophilic and hyperthermophilic S0-metabolizers of archaea (Desulfurolobus, Metallosphaera, Pyrobaculum, Thermofilum, Thermoproteus, Hyperthermus, Staphylothermus, Thermodiscus, Desulfurococcus, Pyrodictium, Thermococcus, Pyrococcus) require temperatures from 70°C to 105°C for growth. Some organisms use sulfur as an electron acceptor. Hyperthermophiles are inhabitants of hot and sulfur-rich volcanic springs on the surface or on the ocean floor. They are not used in environmental biotechnology currently, but they may be useful in the thermophilic biodegradation of organic wastes, production of environmentally useful enzymes, recovery of metals at a temperature close to the boiling point of water, and, probably, for the removal of sulfur from coal and oil.
Bioalcohol and Biohydrogen Production by Hyperthermophiles
Published in Ajar Nath Yadav, Ali Asghar Rastegari, Neelam Yadav, Microbiomes of Extreme Environments, 2021
Kesen Ma, Sarah Danielle Kim, Vivian Serena Chu
Hyperthermophiles are a group of bacteria and archaea that have the ability to grow optimally at 80°C and above, or are capable of growing at 90°C and above (Blumer-Schuette et al. 2008). They possess various enzymes that can hydrolyze biomass into simple sugars, which can be metabolized by using either conventional or modified EM, ED, and/or PP pathways (Sieber and Schoenheit 2005). Many hyperthermophiles possess the ability to produce alcohol (Table 14.1), and possess/utilize different types of ADHs (Ma and Tse 2015). It appears that the concentrations of alcohols produced are in sub-mM range, which may be due to the nature of key enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways. There have been no homolog sequences to either the commonly-known PDC or AlDH in hyperthermophilic genome sequences (Eram and Ma 2013), however, it is known that a two-step pathway is present in both hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea (Ma et al. 1997; Eram et al. 2014; 2015). In this pathway, PDC is a bifunctional enzyme that also has POR activity catalyzing the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate (Ma et al. 1997; Eram et al. 2014; 2015). PDCs of the archaeal hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus guaymasensis are found to be 4.3 U/mg and 3.8 U/mg, respectively (Ma et al. 1997; Eram et al. 2014), which are much higher than those from bacterial hyperthermophiles Thermotoga maritima and Thermotoga hypogea, which are 1.4 U/mg and 1.9 U/mg, respectively (Eram et al. 2015). However, their much higher POR activities (~ 20–120 U/mg) may prevent them from having sufficient PDC activity to support higher alcohol production.
Extremophiles Life of Microorganisms in Extreme Environments
Published in Pratibha Dheeran, Sachin Kumar, Extremophiles, 2022
Rahul Kumar, Ramchander Merugu, Swati Mohapatra, Sneha Sharma, Hemlata
A hyperthermophilic microorganism is one that can live and thrive at very high or extreme high temperature range between 80°C to 110°C (Brock 1986, Singh et al. 2012, Kumar and Sharma 2019 a,b) (Table 3.2). Hyperthermophiles are one of the three types of groups of thermophiles. Many hyperthermophiles are from the domain Archaea found in thermal springs and active volcanoes (Princeteejay 2013). A wide range of hot water springs are available across the world. Few of them are Yellowstone thermal spring at Yellowstone National Park in the USA, Surya Kund, Saldhar, Ringigad, etc., in India. These hyperthermophilic microorganisms also follow similar mechanism of survival as that of thermophilic microorganisms.
A Review on Bioflotation of Coal and Minerals: Classification, Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2022
Kaveh Asgari, Qingqing Huang, Hamid Khoshdast, Ahmad Hassanzadeh
Microorganisms may grow across a wide range of temperatures, from very cold to very hot. Generally, in terms of temperature, the bacteria used in the bioflotation process can be divided into three categories: hyperthermophiles (80–113°C), thermophiles (40–70°C), and mesophiles (20–45°C), which can be used according to the test conditions and objectives. Table 3 summarizes applied bacteria in bioflotation based on their growth temperatures. As shown, most of the bacteria used in bioflotation are mesophilic and moderate thermophile bacteria, in contrast, very limited investigations have been done on hyperthermophile culture. Besides, it is interesting to note that coal can be processed through bioflotation with a wide variety of bacteria with various thermophilities. Some reasons for using these kinds of bacterial culture are as follows: The optimum temperature for growing and applying hyperthermophile bacteria is generally uneconomical in industries (Vieille and Zeikus 2001).Most flotation processes take place in the temperature range suitable for mesophiles (O’Connor and Mills 1990).Mesophilic bacteria have thicker side-chain burial, which helps them survive in harsher environments and tolerate variations in solid contents (Bhattacharya and Pascoe 2004; Meruelo, Han, and Bowie 2012).Mesophilic bacteria can adapt to different conditions such as higher temperatures and solids content in a shorter period and more readily (Dowben and Weidenmüller 1968).