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Steroids: Arthritis, Fertility, Heart Attacks, And Home Run Records
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
The association between cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease began to be recognized around 1900, when it was observed that animals fed high cholesterol diets developed atherosclerosis. A genetic disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia, is characterized by both very high cholesterol levels and early onset of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Heart Study of the National Institutes of Health provided convincing statistical evidence of a correlation between blood cholesterol levels and the incidence of heart disease.6 It was also recognized that a high ratio of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.7 These values, in turn, are influenced by dietary intake, with saturated fat and trans-fat tending to increase LDL while unsaturated fats decrease LDL. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death in most of the developed world and accounts for about 15% of deaths in the United States, of which about 15% are <65 years of age. There are associations of cardiovascular diseases with several factors, including those that constitute the metabolic syndrome, namely obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance.
The effects of a high-fat diet on the liver of pregnant albino rats and their developing offspring
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Abdelalim A. Gadallah, Abdullah R. Almasari
Cholesterol is a fundamental constituent of a diet rich in fats. The liver naturally produces cholesterol to support the body’s normal cellular functions. As a general aspect, HFD was shown to elevate the levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream resulting in a condition known as hypercholesterolemia, which significantly increases the development of liver steatosis [5]. Furthermore, hypercholesterolemia significantly contributes to the risk of developing atherosclerosis [6]. It had been reported that maternal hypercholesterolemia is associated with a substantial increase in the formation of fatty streaks in the arteries of human fetuses and accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis during childhood. Additionally, hypercholesterolemia induced by HFD during gestation is enough to enhance the development of hepatic lesions in the fetuses [7] and to increased postnatal atherogenesis in response to hypercholesterolemia [8].
The chemistry of chlorogenic acid from green coffee and its role in attenuation of obesity and diabetes
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Vaibhavi Pimpley, Siddhi Patil, Kartikeya Srinivasan, Nivas Desai, Pushpa S. Murthy
Hypercholesterolemia is a condition which often occurs in obesity and leads development of cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A research was therefore performed to demonstrate the hypocholesterolemic and hepatoprotective impacts of chlorogenic acid intake. The study contained evaluation of plasma lipid profile which included the total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) tests in Sprague– Dawley rats fed with a normal diet, a high-cholesterol diet or a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with 1 or 10 mg/kg/day of chlorogenic acid for 28 days. The findings showed that CGA changed the enhanced plasma cholesterol and LDL levels but reduced the HDL level caused by a hypercholesterolemic diet. In addition chlorogenic acid showed reduced lipid depositions in the liver of hypercholesterolemic rats supplemented with it. The hypocholesterolemic effect is ascribed to CGA because it has resulted in the up-regulation of peroxisome proliferation -activated receptor (PPAR) mRNA.[57]
Chronic cadmium exposure and cardiovascular disease in adults
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Clinical makers of such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, are critical to evaluating cardiovascular health. TGs are needed for normal physiological processes, but excess serum TG concentration predicts cardiovascular disorders such as coronary heart disease risk.[11] Elevated levels of the lipoproteins, particularly LDL, brings forth the condition referred to as hypercholesterolemia and increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Another clinical marker, non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), a measure of LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol, predicts heart disease risk better than LDL cholesterol alone.[12]