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Interactions between Oral Bacteria and Antibacterial Polymer-Based Restorative Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Fernando L. Esteban Florez, Sharukh S. Khajotia
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from histatin 5, lactoferrin, and parotid secretory proteins (P113, hLf-11, and GL13K, respectively)[163–167] have also been recently incorporated and immobilized into experimental polymer-based materials. As previously reviewed, the objective of using these orally expressed peptides (from both organic and synthetic origins) is to develop dental biomaterials with strong antimicrobial functionalities, minimum cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, and low ability to induce resistant bacterial strains.[168] In general terms, these positively charged molecules express their antibacterial behavior through a structure-specific mechanism that preferentially targets the outer membrane and cell wall (both negatively charged) in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and results in membrane perforation with consequent disruption of cellular integrity and cell death.[169] Balhara et al.,[166] while investigating the membrane selectivity to GL13K AMP, have demonstrated that these molecules are capable of disrupting the lipid bilayers through a partial micellization and transient pore mechanism. Their results have indicated that GL13K is effective against biofilm-forming bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative).
SIS membrane modification to improve antimicrobial and osteogenic properties for guide bone regeneration
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Zihao Liu, Xinying Yu, Beibei Ma, Yilin Yang, Yuzhu Mu, Xuemei Lu, Minting Li, Wei Jing, Pengfei Wei, Shiqing Ma, Bo Zhao, Jiayin Deng
Currently, the most common antibacterial modifications are changing the structure of SIS membranes to resist bacterial invasion or adding nano-silver. However, the above method of manufacture is rather tricky, and nano-silver may harm the human body [10, 11]. Antibacterial peptides (AMPs), a key component of innate immunity, exhibit broad-spectrum, powerful, and long-lasting antimicrobial activity in addition to exceptional biocompatibility, establishing them as a future new generation of antibacterial medicines. As a family of AMPs released by the major salivary glands of humans, since they are weakly amphiphilic and cation-containing, Histatins (Hsts) have a broad antibacterial range in a warm, moist oral environment. Hst5 is a member of the Hsts family that can resist Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) LPS via the IKK/NF-κB pathway and inhibit the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 [12]. Our prior research demonstrated that JH8194, a Hst5-derivative peptide, possesses potent antibacterial properties and can successfully prevent peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis [13]. In addition, JH8194 stimulated the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteopontin (Opn), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in MC3T3-E1 cells while suppressing Pg biofilm’s growth, permitting the cells to differentiate into osteoblasts [14]. Therefore, the combination of JH8194 and the SIS membrane might improve the anti-infectivity and osteogenic activity of the SIS membrane.