China 
Africa 
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Designing for Lower Torso and Leg Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Twenty years of U.S. government-funded research into fall prevention found that wearable hip protectors prevent injury (Sleet, Moffatt, & Stevens, 2008). But, for reasons varying from (a) wearer cognitive impairment, to (b) incontinence, to (c) concerns about appearance, discomfort, and inconvenience; hip protectors are poorly accepted and not often used, especially at home (Cianferotti, Fossi, & Brandi, 2015). Departing from designs using padding (Cianferotti et al., 2015) or auxetic materials (Yang, Vora, & Chang, 2018) over the trochanter, Raanan engineered a sensor-equipped inflatable air bag, worn at the waist, for prevention of femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures (U.S. Patent No. 9,629,399, 2017). Citing a lack of consistent evaluation methods, the International Hip Protector Research Group developed recommendations for both biomechanical (Robinovitch et al., 2009) and clinical (Cameron et al., 2010) hip protector testing. Additional research employing these standards (for both efficacy of and compliance with hip protector use) may reveal the best design and education/marketing approaches, resulting in products acceptable to the target market and effective in preventing fall-related hip fractures.
Medical textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2020
Hip protectors consist of plastic shields or foam pads fitted in pockets of specially designed underwear that aim to reduce the impact of a fall onto the hip and thus the risk of a hip fracture [600]. Over 70 0000 hip fractures occur annually in the United Kingdom and the total cost of care is over £2 billion with 10% mortality at 30 days and up to 30% mortality at one year [601]. A Cochrane Review found accumulating evidence casting some doubt on the effectiveness of the provision of hip protectors in reducing the incidence of fragility hip fracture. Many people stop wearing hip protectors because they find them uncomfortable and impractical [602]. That said, there are recent publications investigating methods of protecting the hips that may lend themselves to clever design, improved comfort and fit and higher levels of acceptance [603–606].