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THE DESIGN OF POLYSENSORY ENVIRONMENTS FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Published in Paul T. McCabe, Contemporary Ergonomics 2004, 2018
Darryl Georgiou, Jacqueline Jackson, Andrée Woodcock, Alex Woolner
Whilst debate and research continues into the cause of autism with biological, neurochemical, neurological and genetic explanations being advocated, no clear-cut answers are on the horizon and there is no cure. All children with an autistic spectrum disorder have the 'triad of impairments' (Wing and Gould, 1979) in the areas of social interaction, communication and imagination. However, what makes ASDs so problematic is that levels of severity and manifestations of the condition are different in each child. This leads to different classifications, for example, where children are considered to be 'higher functioning' they may be diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome (AS) or High Functioning Autism (HFA).
Collaboration Support in Co-located Collaborative Systems for Users with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Greis Francy M. Silva-Calpa, Alberto B. Raposo, Francisco R. Ortega
Individauls with varying levels of ASD have varying levels of cognitive impairment and learning disabilities (Weitlauf et al., 2014). Some of them may exhibit moderate or severe cognitive impairment (IQ < 70) or, on the contrary, exhibit cognitive abilities average or higher than average (IQ >70) (De Giambattista et al., 2019). High-Functioning Autism (HFA) is a term used to identify people with ASD that have language delays without additional cognitive impairments (Montgomery et al., 2016). Another term widely used to refer to a high-functioning form of ASD is Asperger’s Syndrome (AS). Individuals with HFA/AS may have high intelligence and language skills without any significant learning disabilities (Mazzone et al., 2012); language is formally adequate but often monotonous and poorly communicative (Vannucchi et al., 2014).
Web users with autism: eye tracking evidence for differences
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2019
Sukru Eraslan, Victoria Yaneva, Yeliz Yesilada, Simon Harper
A main characteristic of ASD is its heterogeneity. While some individuals at the lower ends of the spectrum may remain non-verbal and suffer severe intellectual disability, others may be highly-able and have normal or above-normal intelligence. The latter are referred to as people with high-functioning autism or what was formerly known as Asperger's syndrome. Most people on the autism spectrum may experience issues with attention, language comprehension (both oral and written), visual comprehension and sensory integration in varying degrees (American Psychiatric Association 2013). Sensory issues among those on the spectrum include hypersensitivity (over-sensitive) or hyposensitivity (under-sensitive) to particular smells, lights, textures, sounds and colours. However, although not unusual, sensory issues are not formally included as part of the diagnostic criteria for autism.
Horseback riding therapy for a deafblind individual enabled by a haptic interface
Published in Assistive Technology, 2018
Matjaž Ogrinc, Ildar Farkhatdinov, Rich Walker, Etienne Burdet
The subject examined in this case study was 31 years old at the time of the trials. He was profoundly deaf and communicating in British sign language (BSL) before becoming blind at the age of 10. The cause of his blindness is retinopathy of prematurity. He was diagnosed at the age of 13 with Aspergers: a form of high-functioning autism. According to his family, he has never averted touch or found textures unpleasant, except for some food textures, and has no particular aversion to vibrations. He has been using Braille for most of his life, including modern dynamic Braille displays; therefore, he is well accustomed to dynamic tactile stimulation. He is also enjoying pottery. He practiced horseback riding as a child, but was forced to abandon it with the loss of sight, and has recently resumed the activity. He practiced riding for 3 months before switching to the present haptic interface. He had been using the interface for 15 months at the time of this study’s trials.