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Introduction to virology
Published in Amine Kamen, Laura Cervera, Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines, 2023
A similar infection cycle is followed by viruses belonging to Herpesviridae family. Herpesviruses are DNA viruses that could cause infections in animals and humans. This group of viruses largely depends on their ability of latency and reactivation for an efficient infection. They maintain their latency period in non-replicating cells such as neurons. The viral genome undergoes circularization, forming an episome. During the latency period, the virus must limit its protein expression to a minimum in order to keep evading the host immune system. This is achieved by either generating long non-coding RNA transcripts [2] or through modulation of chromatin insulators [3]. However, it is necessary to express those viral proteins that would help the viral genome remain attached to the host chromosome during cell division of that particular cell.
Role of Nanostructures in Inhibition and Treatment of Viral Infections
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Pavani Sanapala, Sudhakar Pola
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is caused by the herpes virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. HSV is distinguished into three different types based on the subfamilies (α, β, and γ). All types of viruses of the family exhibit life-long latency based on different cell types and tissues, where later reactivation results in symptomatic or asymptomatic infections. A range of nanomedicines is at present under study for the management of herpetic infections. Infection caused by HSV is not curable; however, studies targeted the inhibition of the replication process of virus followed by damaging the epithelial cells by therapeutic agents with modifications through nanoformulations. The therapeutic agents that are frequently in use for HSV are acyclovir, ganciclovir, and famciclovir.
Bioguided fractionation of procyanidin B2 as potent anti coxsackie virus B and Herpes simplex from cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.)
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Safa Rguez, Majdi Hammami, Wissem Aidi Wannes, Ibtissem Hamrouni Sellami
HSV-2 belongs to the Herpesviridae family and Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. It is a sexually transmitted contagious viral disease responsible for skin and nervous system affections (Wagner and Ulrich-Merzenich 2009). After primary infection, HSV-2 established in sensory dorsal root ganglia. This virus is characterized by pimple vesicular eruptions and it triggers following drop immunity or exposition to sun or stress. Disease is considered benign for healthy subjects and severe for immunocompromised subjects, pregnant women and newborns (Sauerbrei 2016). Treatments used against herpes only reduce viral infection but cannot stop it. The main antiviral drug used against herpes is acyclovir (ACV, ZoviraxR) which is a nucleoside guanosine analogue inhibiting viral DNA polymerase. Valaciclovir (ZelitrexR) is also indicated for curative treatment of genital and labial herpes. Foscarnet (FOS, FoscarvirR) and cidofovir (CDV, VistideR) are also two molecules used as treatment against herpes.