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Synthesis and Engineering of Polymeric Latex Particles for Hemodialysis Part I—A Review
Published in Wolfgang Sigmund, Hassan El-Shall, Dinesh O. Shah, Brij M. Moudgil, Particulate Systems in Nano- and Biotechnologies, 2008
S. Kim, H. El-Shall, R. Partch, B. Koopman
New dialysate with sorbents has become an accepted modification of dialysis, and sorbent hemoperfusion is gaining ground as a valuable addition to dialysis, especially as new sorbents are developed (Winchester et al., 2001). Hemoperfusion is defined as the removal of toxins or metabolites from circulation by the passing of blood, within a suitable extracorpoteal circuit, over semipermeable microcapsules containing adsorbents such as activated charcoal (Samtleben et al., 1996b), various resins (Ronco et al., 2001b), albumin-conjugated agarose etc. Novel adsorptive carbons with larger pore diameters have been synthesized for potential clinical use (Mikhalovsky, 1989). Newly recognized uremic toxins (Dhondt et al., 2000; Haag-Weber, Cohen, and Horl, 2000) have resulted in several investigations on alternatives to standard, or high-flux, hemodialysis to remove these molecules. These methods include hemodiafilteration with (de Francisco et al., 2000) or without (Takenaka et al., 2001; Ward et al., 2000) dialysate regeneration using sorbents, as well as hemoperfusion using such adsorbents as charcoal and resins.
Polyurethanes in Biomedical Applications
Published in Nina M. K. Lamba, Kimberly A. Woodhouse, Stuart L. Cooper, Polyurethanes in Biomedical Applications, 2017
Nina M. K. Lamba, Kimberly A. Woodhouse, Stuart L. Cooper
Hemoperfusion is an extracorporeal detoxification process where waste products are removed by sorption, rather than diffusion. Hemoperfusion has been applied to treat long term hemodialysis patients, as the removal of middle molecular weight solutes is superior to conventional hemodialysis. Kawanishi et al.162 have used a charcoal-embedded polyurethane film to remove bilirubin and other middle to high molecular weight solutes; the levels of removal exceeded those achieved in hemo-diafiltration, a procedure where higher molecular weight solutes are removed by filtration, in conjunction with hemodialysis.
Design of artificial cells: artificial biochemical systems, their thermodynamics and kinetics properties
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Adamu Yunusa Ugya, Lin Pohan, Qifeng Wang, Kamel Meguellati
The stepwise progress in development of artificial cells is due to a major progress in other areas such as polymer chemistry, bio-material, biotechnology, genomics and molecular biology. It is expected that unlimited progress in the area of artificial cells is foreseen due to the important progress in other fields. Artificial cells are now made in many dimensions (nano, micro, macro and molecular dimensions). The surface of the enormous potential of artificial cells is touched in spite of the unlimited variations of the artificial cell membranes and their contents. The new developments and expansion of ‘artificial cells’ to be concealed under various new names such as polymersome, bioencapsulation, polymer tethered lipid, nanotubules, nanocapules, conjugate hemoglobin etc. The interdisciplinary field of artificial cells needs researchers from other fields to come together and move the field ahead which will result in the progress of the ‘artificial cells’ beyond one vision. The principle of artificial cells play an important role in the field of enzyme and gene therapy, blood substitutes, drug delivery, regenerative medicine, genome editing, nanomedicine, hemoperfusion, nano-computers, nano-robotics, nano-sensors, agriculture, aquatic culture, cells and stem cell therapy.