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Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Materials for Therapeutic Delivery
Published in Sam Zhang, Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Biomedical Applications, 2013
Travelle W. Franklin-Ford, Darilis Suarez-Gonzalez, Jae Sung Lee, William L. Murphy
Peter et al. adsorbed the bisphosphonate, zoledronate, onto HAP-coated titanium implants and sought to determine the optimal concentration to increase mechanical fixation. Results showed a decrease in osteoblast function and impaired mineralization with elevated zoledronate concentration, as evidenced by a decrease in implant–bone pullout force [110]. Gao et al. delivered the bisphosphonates, zoledronate, ibandronate, and pamidronate, and demonstrated positive effects on promoting bone–implant fixation in demineralized, osteoporotic bone [111]. Although the mechanism of action is not yet clear, Gao et al. hypothesized that the bisphosphonates are bound directly to HAP and are released slowly into the new bone mineral, causing osteoclast apoptosis and supporting bone formation and associated bone–implant fixation. Due to their success in these and other bone healing applications, local HAP/bisphosphonate delivery has been hypothesized for use in more rare etiologies, including Gorham Stout syndrome and childhood hemangioma. Gorham Stout syndrome is thought to be a debilitating degenerative disease with abnormal osteoclast activity, analogous to osteoporosis. Current treatments include vitamin D, sodium fluoride, and systemic bisphosphonates. Sun et al. hypothesized that zoledronate released from HAP at a precise time and concentration could enhance bone reconstruction [112]. In another study, Yu et al. hypothesized that bisphosphonates bound to HAP and released locally could promote anti-angiogenic effects for children with unresolved hemangiomas. Benign hemangiomas can have severe side effects in some cases, including cartilage damage, congestive heart failure, or airway obstruction. Slow released zoledronate is known to inhibit serum bFGF and VEGF, but systemic or toxic levels of administration may impair skeletal maturity. The researchers hypothesized that sustained drug release from a bioresorbable carrier locally implanted could treat congenital disease with minimal side effects and high efficacy [113]. These emerging applications of HAP/bisphosphonate therapies may ultimately show substantial clinical impact.
A Modified Framework for Multislice Image Fusion for High Contrast Liver Cancer Detection
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2020
B. Lakshmi Priya, K. Jayanthi, Biju Pottakkat, G. Ramkumar
To demonstrate the subjective evaluation of the proposed fusion framework, a contrast enhancement technique namely, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization is applied to the fused image. As a consequence, the contrast level is enhanced by around 53% in the fused image when compared to the input image without fusion. Subjective and objective assessments of contrast enhancement with and without fusion for both the phases are presented in Figure 4 and Table 3. Figure 4 is presented to emphasise the effectiveness of the proposed fusion logic with other alternatives. An unprocessed arterial phase image (refer Figure 4(a)), generally referred by the surgeon is compared with its contrast-enhanced version (refer Figure 4(b)) and with the proposed contrast-enhanced fused version (refer Figure 4(c)). From the obtained result, it is obvious that fused image shows a better delineation of tumour boundary and other characteristics (indicated as numbers 1, 2, and 3 in Figure 4) than the contrast-enhanced image obtained without the fusion process. The grading between them could be obtained quantitatively by mere inspection of Table 3. Therefore omitting Figure 4(b), and comparing Figure 4(a) and (c), the tumour portion which is marked as 1 in Figure 4(a) and (c) is very well delineated and the fat content within the tumour marked as 2, is enhanced to a greater extent. The interlaced architecture of fat tissue (marked as 3) which is not seen in the raw CT image is seen magnificently in the processed image in Figure 4(c.). The algorithm is applied to 10 different types of liver CT images comprising normal liver, HCC, hemangioma, obstructive jaundice, benign tumour and cirrhosis, and the fused and contrast-enhanced output for various liver pathologies are presented in Figure 5.
Swept-source optical coherence tomography imaging of the retinochoroid and beyond
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Jayesh Vira, Alessandro Marchese, Rohan Bir Singh, Aniruddha Agarwal
Additional benefits using SS-OCTA have been found in other rare ocular tumors, such as choroidal osteoma. Pierro et al. have observed the development of CNV in areas of focal choroidal excavation that occurred in decalcified portions of choroidal osteomas [52]. In the peripapillary area, the ability of SS-OCTA allowed also the identification of the vascular network characteristic of cavernous hemangioma, which can be difficult to assess with more traditional techniques when adjacent to the optic disc [53].
Computer Vision Approach for Liver Tumor Classification Using CT Dataset
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2022
Mubasher Hussain, Najia Saher, Salman Qadri
The primary task of the MLTI framework was the collection of a liver plain CT images dataset. The dataset had two categories of liver tumor CT images: benign and malignant. The benign liver tumor further included two types (hemangioma and cyst). The malignant liver tumor also had two types (hepatocellular carcinoma and metastasis). Liver tumor CT dataset are shown in Figure 1.