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Antimicrobial Activity of Nanosized Photocatalytic Materials
Published in Devrim Balköse, Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, A. K. Haghi, Suresh C. Ameta, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Chemical Science and Engineering Technology, 2019
Rakshit Ameta, Monika Trivedi, Jayesh Bhatt, Dipti Soni, Surbhi Benjamin, Suresh C. Ameta
The photochemical sterilization ability of TiO2 nanomaterial as an environment-friendly disinfectant against avian influenza (AI) was studied by Cu et al.11 A neutral and viscous aqueous colloid of 1.6% TiO2 was prepared from peroxotitanic acid solution using the Ichinose method. It was proved by transmission electron microscopy images that TiO2 particles were spindle-shaped with an average size of 50 nm. A photocatalytic film of nano-TiO2 sol was used for inactivating H9N2 AI virus. Such inactivation capabilities were observed under with 365-nm UV light.
Breathomics and its Application for Disease Diagnosis: A Review of Analytical Techniques and Approaches
Published in Raquel Cumeras, Xavier Correig, Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 2018
David J. Beale, Oliver A. H. Jones, Avinash V. Karpe, Ding Y. Oh, Iain R. White, Konstantinos A. Kouremenos, Enzo A. Palombo
Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease that causes high global morbidity and mortality (Lowen et al., 2006). Understanding the pathogenesis of influenza virus is critical for effective disease control in a pandemic scenario, enables the screening of the emergence of new strains with pandemic potential, and facilitates the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs. The application of metabolomics to study the dynamics of influenza infection with host metabolism is in its infancy, with the majority of work to date being done using viruses grown in cell cultures (Chen et al., 2014; Chung et al., 2016; Fu et al., 2016; Lin et al., 2010; Rabinowitz et al., 2011; Ritter et al., 2010). However, Aksenov et al. (2014) examined VOCs produced directly at the cellular level from B lymphoblastoid cells upon infection with three influenza A virus subtypes [H9N2 (avian), H6N2 (avian), and H1N1 (human)] (Aksenov et al., 2014) via headspace GC-MS. The patterns of VOCs produced in response to infection were unique for each subtype, and the metabolic flux of the VOC released post infection were different. The emitted VOCs included esters and other oxygenated compounds, which was attributed to the increased oxidative stress resulting from the viral infection. It was concluded that elucidating such VOC signatures from the host cell’s response to infection may yield non-invasive diagnostics of influenza and other viral infections (Aksenov et al., 2014); this approach has been applied for the determination of Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) in humans (Berna et al., 2016) and Acinetobacter baumannii colonization in the lower respiratory tract (which results in ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients admitted to hospital) (Jianping et al., 2016).
Non-Photocatalytic and Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Antiviral Assays and Antiviral Nanomaterials
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Suman Tahir, Noor Tahir, Tajamal Hussain, Zubera Naseem, Muhammad Zahid, Ghulam Mustafa
GO is a single atom thick and 2D carbon-based material that is organised in the hexagonal matrix. GO and its derivative are of huge concern to the investigators because of their extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties (Ghosal and Sarkar 2018). GO is broadly utilised as an anticancer and antibacterial agent (Gurunathan et al. 2019). GO perform as an antiviral agent by inactivating the pathogenic agent of endemic gastrointestinal avian influenza A virus H9N2 and hand-foot-and-mouth ailment EV71 (Song et al. 2015). The nanocomposites comprising of GO and partly reduced GO sulfonated composite (rGO/SO3) displayed antiviral action contrary to HSV-1 through restraining HSV-1 from binding to the host cells (Sametband et al. 2014). Antiviral action of rGO and GO was estimated contrary to PEDV (RNA virus) and PRV (DNA virus), showing that GO considerably repressed contagion of PEDV and PRV by 2-log decline in viral titer at non-cytotoxic concentration. GO prevented the virus entrance into host cells through structural damage (Ye et al. 2015). Nanocomposites comprising of GO and Ag NPs exhibited probable antiviral action versus non-enveloped and enveloped viruses, such as infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and feline coronavirus (FCoV). The virus inhibition assays determined that GO-Ag NPs repressed IBDV infection by 23% and FCoV by 25%; GO only repressed FCoV contagion 16%, however displayed no antiviral action versus IBDV contagion. So, combination of Ag NPs and GO showed superior antiviral action compared to either Ag or GO alone (Chen et al. 2016). To improve antiviral efficacy of the GO, it is typically modified with more antiviral agents to create the synergistic viral inhibition agent versus viral destructive attack. Huang and his colleagues established the curcumin-based GO to oppose RSV by adding a huge quantity of curcumin on cyclodextrin functionalized GO composite (Yang et al. 2017). It was established that curcumin-loaded GO has a considerable inhibitory impact on the RSV contagion and higher biocompatibility with the host cell. The probable antiviral mechanism of GO includes the following three modes: curcumin-modified GO can (i) directly inactivate the virus, (ii) restrain the virus from binding to host cells, and, (iii) lastly, disrupt the viral multiplication. Multifunctional GO-modified antiviral candidates deliver the new perception into nanomedicine assembly.
Mathematical modeling and nonstandard finite difference scheme analysis for the environmental and spillover transmissions of Avian Influenza A model
Published in Dynamical Systems, 2021
A. Feukouo Fossi, J. Lubuma, C. Tadmon, B. Tsanou
The avian influenza virus infection is caused by viruses adapted to birds and it normally affects wild birds and poultry. The wild birds are natural reservoir for all the sub-types of influenza A viruses. Influenza viruses are widespread and due to their high mutation rate many subtypes exist. Further, H5N1, H7N4, H7N7, H7N9, H9N2, and other avian influenza viruses with pathogenicity have great potential threat to human. Poultry farms are an important reservoir for the avian influenza virus (AIV) [28]. AIV transmission to humans is largely facilitated by contact with animals and excretion of contaminated droplets or aerosols [18], and to a lesser extent through transport of (dead) birds or contaminated objects (vehicles, humans, or fomites), water, food, and contact with infected wildfowl or insects [9]. Historically, the avian influenza splits into two classes: the High Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and the Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI). The HPAI can cause a series of systemic infections that can lead to high mortality. The LPAI causes mild or no symptoms. In general, the risk of direct transmission of avian influenza to human is very low. However, in 2014 a high mortality rate was recorded with around 38.7% of the patients infected with H7N9 virus dead [7]. H7N9 virus can cause pneumonia, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure.