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Nuclear Hydrogen
Published in Michael Frank Hordeski, Alternative Fuels—The Future of Hydrogen, 2020
Nuclear fusion reactors do not split uranium atoms. They fuse hydrogen atoms in a process similar to that which occurs in the sun and other stars. Although fusion physics is a common occurrence in stars, controlled fusion has been difficult to achieve. In 1994 the Tokamak facility at Princeton reached a fusion plasma temperature of 510 million degrees and had a power output of 10.7 megawatts. Experiments continue at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Lab. A system of 192 lasers will focus on a pellet that holds a few milligrams of deuterium and tritium to force a fusion reaction. The machine has miles of crystal wave guides and thousands of lenses and mirrors to focus the beams on the small, quarter-inch pellet. It has been likened to the human genome project, which took 13 years and $3 billion in government funding plus private investment. If successful, prototype plants could be operating in less than a decade.
Informatics For Sciences: A Novel Approach
Published in Alexander V. Vakhrushev, Omari V. Mukbaniani, Heru Susanto, Chemical Technology and Informatics in Chemistry with Applications, 2019
Heru Susanto, Ching Kang Chen, Teuku Beuna Bardant
According to Ma and Liu5 genomics is a large-scale data acquisition, technological advancements that involve genome structures, evolution, and variations. Genomics origin can be traced as far back to the 19th century from the work of Gregor Mendel. However, in the middle of 19th century, the progress of IS and IT was not advanced as it is today. It is important to remember that genomics is an essential area of bioinformatics, as well as understanding its roles in the milestones of biological and molecular discovery. For instance, in Human Genome Project: an international scientific research project with goals to determine what makes up human DNA and its physical and functional characteristics, understanding heredity and diseases, and its role in pushing the innovation in genomic technologies, and many more. Another view on genomics is that the main concept of genome informatics was to analyze, process, and interpret all aspects of DNA in order to come up with a more defined and accurate information on biological structure and components of DNA.1 All things considered, genomics is evolving duly because IT and IS keep on improving throughout the years. Owing to this, the world is progressing at a much faster pace, namely in biomedicine and microbiology, and the knowledge that it brought, had or are still being used to broaden our views on molecular mechanisms in the spreading, treating, curing, and preventing the development of diseases.
A review of DNA sequence data analysis technologies and their combination with data mining methods
Published in Lin Liu, Automotive, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, 2017
Tiange Yu, Yang Chen, Bowen Zhang
Nucleic acid, especially DNA, is the informational molecule in cells that carries the genetic instructions for growth, development, functions and reproduction of all known cellular organisms and many viruses. The intensively studied human genome contains around 2.85 billion nucleotides and it took 13 years to handle all the sequences in the Human Genome Project. Analysis of DNA sequences is essential for reaching a deep understanding of the functions and regulation of genes, which could result in improv ements from many aspects, including personalized medicine, agriculture, forensics, etc (J. Shendure and H. Ji, 2008). Since there are different sequence features for different functional DNA fragments, DNA data mining is the key to identify the specific DNA fragments and their regulatory interactions efficiently (M. J. Zaki, 2007).
Epigenotoxicity: a danger to the future life
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Farzaneh Kefayati, Atoosa Karimi Babaahmadi, Taraneh Mousavi, Mahshid Hodjat, Mohammad Abdollahi
Since completing the Human Genome Project about twenty years ago, there has been a great deal of help from geneticists and physicians regarding having access to the human genome map and better diagnosing diseases. Today, epigenetics has enabled us to understand the complexities of the human biological system and the body’s processes of growth and regulation. Epigenetics indicates that the sequence of nucleotides and their bonds with different functional groups is crucial in DNA function [88] Mistakes in epigenetic mechanisms alter the expression of genes causing a range of disorders. Amongst, developmental and mental disorders, immunodeficiency, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and organ defects, are the most common; each will be discussed separately below as well as in Table 2.[88,89]