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Recent Advances in Microencapsulation of Drugs to Obtain Reduced Gastric Irritation
Published in Max Donbrow, Microcapsules and Nanoparticles in Medicine and Pharmacy, 2020
J. A. Bakan, T. C. Powell, P. S. Szotak
Gastric mucosal injury and bleeding resulting from the use of aspirin have been well documented by both endoscopic studies and fecal blood loss.1 Gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration are recognized as some of the most serious side effects related to the use of aspirin.
The Promise of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Published in Paul Cerrato, John Halamka, Reinventing Clinical Decision Support, 2020
Although the Wang et al. studies relied on advances in image analysis, there are also technological advances emerging to assist clinicians in identifying patients at risk for colon cancer that rely on other types of AI and ML. One innovative tool has been developed by Medial EarlySign, an Israel-based company that uses readily available clinical parameters to determine a patient’s risk of colorectal cancer.29 ColonFlag has been evaluated in a large-scale study performed on data from Kaiser Permanente Northwest using a patient’s age, gender, and complete blood count. The retrospective investigation analyzed more than 17,000 Kaiser Permanente patients, including 900 patients who already had colorectal cancer. The analysis generated a risk score for patients without the malignancy to gauge their likelihood of developing it. The researchers compared ColonFlag’s ability to predict the cancer to that derived from looking at low hemoglobin (Hgb) levels. (Hgb declines when colorectal cancer causes gastrointestinal bleeding.). ColonFlag was 34% better at identifying the cancer within a 180- to 360-day period, when compared to low Hgb in patients between 50 and 75 years of age. The algorithms were more sensitive for detecting tumors in the cecum and ascending colon, versus the transverse and sigmoid colon and rectum.
Polymeric Biomaterials
Published in Joseph D. Bronzino, Donald R. Peterson, Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals, 2019
Hai Bang Lee, Gilson Khang, and Jin Ho Lee
Heparin, one of the complex carbohydrates known as mucopolysaccharides or glycosaminoglycan, is currently used to prevent formation of clots. In general, heparin is well tolerated and devoid of serious consequences. However, it allows platelet adhesion to foreign surfaces and may cause hemorrhagic complications such as subdural hematoma, retroperitoneal hematoma, gastrointestinal bleeding, hemorrhage into joints, ocular, and retinal bleeding, and bleeding at surgical sites (Lazarus, 1980). ese diculties give rise to an interest in developing new methods of hemocompatible materials.
Detection and classification of gastrointestinal disease using convolutional neural network and SVM
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Melaku Bitew Haile, Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Belay Enyew, Abebech Jenber Belay
The study performed by Chanie et al. (2020) at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College on 128 patients varices indicates that the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was observed in 46.1% (59), followed by peptic ulcer disease, 24.2% (31), esophagitis, 3.9% (5), gastritis, 6.3% (8), duodenitis, 3.1% (4), and malignancy, 4.7% (6), while 10 patients (7.8%) had both varices and ulcer. The proportion of deaths in the study was 17.2%.