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Static, Low-Frequency, and Pulsed Magnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Published in James C. Lin, Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems, 2016
It is known that fMRI and MEG are sensitive to the frontal and temporal language functions, respectively. Kamada et al. (2007) established combined use of fMRI and MEG to make reliable identification of global language dominance in pathological brain conditions. The authors investigated 117 patients with brain lesions whose language dominance was successfully confirmed by the Wada test. All patients were asked to generate verbs related to acoustically presented nouns (verb generation) for fMRI and to read three-letter words for fMRI and MEG. The fMRI typically showed prominent activations in the inferior and middle frontal gyri, whereas calculated dipoles on MEG typically clustered in the superior temporal region and the fusiform gyrus of the dominant hemisphere. A total of 87 patients were further analyzed using useful data from both the combined method and the Wada test. The authors observed a 100% match of the combined method results with the results of the Wada test, including two patients who showed expressive and receptive language areas dissociated into bilateral hemispheres. The results demonstrated that this noninvasive and repeatable method is not only highly reliable in determining language dominance, but it can also locate the expressive and receptive language areas separately. The authors suggested that the method is a potent alternative to the invasive procedures of the Wada test and is useful in treating patients with brain lesions.
Predicting developmental language disorders using artificial intelligence and a speech data analysis tool
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Eleonora Aida Beccaluva, Fabio Catania, Fabrizio Arosio, Franca Garzotto
The relationship between language and music is the subject of extensive literature (Atherton et al., 2018; Besson & Schön, 2001; Patel, 1998). A growing body of evidence has highlighted behavioral connections between the processing of musical rhythm and linguistic syntax, suggesting that these abilities may share common neural resources (Chen et al., 2008). In a recent review of neuroimaging studies, Herad & Lee report evidence of common neural structures engaged while performing a representative set of musical rhythm operations (rhythm, beat, and meter) and linguistic syntactic operations (merge, movement, and reanalysis). The bilateral sensorimotor network of inferior frontal gyri, supplementary motor area, superior temporal gyri/temporoparietal junction, insula, intraparietal lobule, and putamen were engaged in performing rhythm operations, while the left sensorimotor network, including the inferior frontal gyrus, posterior superior temporal gyrus, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area were engaged in performing syntactic operations. The anatomical overlap of sensorimotor regions recruited for the achievement of musical rhythmic operations and linguistic syntactic operations is mainly in the left inferior frontal gyrus, left supplementary motor area, and bilateral insula – neural substrates, involved in temporal hierarchy processing and predictive coding (Heard & Lee, 2020). The latter is particularly interesting since it suggests that the same predictive mechanisms are used in music (e.g., the anticipation of rhythmic or tonal information) and morphosyntactic processing (e.g., the anticipation of linguistic information) (Fiveash et al., 2021; Gordon et al., 2015).