China 
Africa 
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Mechanotransduction of Cardiovascular Development and Regeneration
Published in Juhyun Lee, Sharon Gerecht, Hanjoong Jo, Tzung Hsiai, Modern Mechanobiology, 2021
Quinton Smith, Justin Lowenthal, Sharon Gerecht
Specifically, fetal blood is oxygenated in umbilical vessels via maternal uterine arteries. The unique oxygen carrying properties of fetal blood are further enhanced through the activity of fetal hemoglobin. Upon initial breaths after a newborn emerges during birth, dramatic changes in the distribution of vascular resistance cause several of these shunts to close and eventually atrophy, and the foramen ovale normally seals due to increased left-sided heart pressures [3, 4].
Pediatric Imaging in General Radiography
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, William A. S. Cox, General Radiography, 2020
Allen Corrall, Joanna Fairhurst
Whilst in utero the fetal blood flow bypasses the fluid filled lungs via the ductus arteriosus, which connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, and the foramen ovale, which allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left.
Long-term safety and efficacy of combined percutaneous LAA and PFO/ASD closure: a single-center experience (LAAC combined PFO/ASD closure)
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Jiangtao Yu, Xiaoxia Liu, Junling Zhou, Xin Xue, Manuela Muenzel, P. Christian Schulze, Sven Moebius-Winkler, Thorsten Keil, Zhaohui Meng, Shaoyong Tang
A patent foramen ovale (PFO) and an atrial septal defect (ASD) are both risk factors for stroke, especially a PFO has been considered as an important factor in cryptogenic stroke. Recent clinical studies suggest that PFO closure is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of stroke compared to drug therapy, especially in patients with high-risk PFO characteristics [7–9]. Stroke risk in PFO with substantial right-to-left shunt (RLS) or ASD patients can be further increased in the presence of AF. Data on stroke prophylaxis in this group of patients is rarely reported.