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How Nanoparticles Are Generated
Published in Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari, Advances in Nanopathology From Vaccines to Food, 2021
Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari
It may be interesting to observe that probably the most common symptom shared by all sick soldiers is chronic fatigue, a condition we find almost invariably in all patients affected by nanopathologies. Sometimes, the symptom is treated with cortisone drugs which have an effect which is that of doping in sports. Ultimately, not a cure but a palliative not to see the symptom. Other common symptoms are irritability, insomnia and the loss ofprimary (or short-term) memory, that is, the capacity of holding information in mind for a short period of time (e.g. to remember a telephone number which has been just communicated.) In most cases, those symptoms are attributed to post-traumatic stress, something the Mayo Clinic defines as 'a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event – either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event.'
The limbic system and trauma
Published in Herman Staudenmayer, Environmental Illness, 2018
What is unique to PTSD patients and distinct from other anxiety disorders is that they describe experiences of “reliving” the traumatic experience during panic attacks or flashbacks, what psychologists call “flashbulb memories”. The sudden recall of these vivid emotional memories do not fit well with current semantic theories of memory, especially if they are recalled after a lengthy period during which they were inhibited. Nonetheless, they are supported by physiological evidence when memories are experimentally evoked in PTSD patients. The procedure developed by Pitman et al. (1987) involves a script-driven imagery technique in which subjects imagine personal experiences as vividly as possible while physiologic parameters (e.g., heart rate, galvanic skin response, muscle tension, or brain imaging) are measured. Exaggerated responses to noise startle and evoked images have been replicated in veterans with PTSD. Orr et al. (1997) demonstrated noradrenergic activation specific to imaging traumatic experiences in women with PTSD and history of childhood sexual abuse. Similar effects were observed for memories that were continuous since the trauma and those recovered after a period of inhibition. Cognitive effects include dysregulation of attention with decreased brain metabolism observed by PET imaging studies (Southwick et al., 1997).
How to Identify a Malevolent Manager
Published in Terry A. Sheridan, Malevolent Managers, 2017
The resulting behaviours for a person afflicted with PTSD are experiencing flashback memories. I have witnessed hundreds of people who came to me for assistance who were afflicted with this phenomenon. As they recount what happened to them in the workplace they go into trancelike state. They can tell you what clothes they wore, what they were doing immediately before the event and so on. They can recall every detail of the violence that was perpetrated upon them. In recalling the event they feel the same emotions again. Usually it is helplessness, then later, anger and later on they fear that this will happen to them again in the workplace. The aggrieved person may have nightmares following the event, and years later can still have bad dreams that wake them up feeling extremely distressed.
The Neurostructure of Morality and the Hubris of Memory Manipulation
Published in The New Bioethics, 2018
Several brain-environment interactions involve harmful effects on consciousness. Schizophrenia, for example, is a complex psychiatric disorder involving the dysregulation of dopamine, glutamate, and other neurotransmitters (Glannon 2011, p. 24). Its diffuse pathology is the effect of dysfunction in numerous interacting neural pathways in cortical and subcortical brain regions. The disorder often consists of “positive” symptoms, including psychosis, paranoia, and delusions, or “negative” symptoms, including avolition, anhedonia, and flat affect. Viewed phenomenologically, schizophrenia is a disorder in which physical embodiment and conscious embeddedness are interrelated. In both its positive and negative manifestations, the individual experiences the loss of embodied contact with reality. Such an experience of disembodiment manufactures a self-consciousness that is alien to, rather than immersed in, the world. In other psychiatric disorders, individuals may develop a chronic fear response to environmental stimuli out of a conscious perception of these stimuli as threatening. This neurological dysfunction is partly the consequence of a subject’s inability to maintain beliefs and emotions necessary for environmental adaptation. This is true of PTSD, which is characterized by flashbacks and nightmares of traumatic events that cannot be eliminated from one’s emotionally-charged unconscious memory (Glannon 2011, pp. 24–25).