China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Crohn’s Disease
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Robert M. Craig, Richard K. Burt
CD usually presents with diarrhea, abdominal pain and/or weight loss. The illness characteristically waxes and wanes, and is often not diagnosed for many months.35 Other presenting symptoms or signs include fever, vomiting, perianal disease, fistulae, rectal bleeding or an abdominal mass. The abdominal pain is characteristically in the right lower quadrant, overlying the most frequently involved segment, the terminal ileum and cecum. CD can affect either the small intestine or colon, or both. More severe varieties can affect the mouth, esophagus, stomach and pancreatobiliary systems. The diarrhea can be large volume with less frequent passages in small intestinal Crohn’s, or small volume with frequent passages in colitis. Weight loss can be secondary to anorexia or food avoidance due to the disease, or to malabsorption from decreased functioning bowel or bile salt malabsorption.
Radiation-induced lung disease
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Max M Weder, M Patricia Rivera
Late effects of oesophageal radiation injury occur with a median time onset of 6 months after completion of radiation therapy and are related to fibrosis and scarring following the initial insult.6 The most common clinical manifestation is dysphagia related to oesophageal stricture or dysmotility, which may be the result of fibrosis and muscular or nerve damage. Less common presentations include chronic oesophageal ulcerations and rare formation of fistulas. Modified barium swallow is useful to identify oesophageal strictures and dysmotility, classically demonstrating repetitive non-peristaltic waves above and below the area that has been directly exposed to radiation.
Miscellaneous procedures
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
A fistula denotes a pathologically abnormal passage leading from an abscess cavity or hollow organ to another hollow organ or the skin surface. Examinations are normally performed under fluoroscopic control in order to identify the direction and extent of passage of a skin sinus or fistula or to confirm the presence and passage of internal sinus or fistula.
Recent advancements in the minimally invasive management of esophageal perforation, leaks, and fistulae
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Shirin Siddiqi, Dean P. Schraufnagel, Hafiz Umair Siddiqui, Michael J. Javorski, Adam Mace, Abdulrhman S. Elnaggar, Haytham Elgharably, Patrick R. Vargo, Robert Steffen, Saad M. Hasan, Siva Raja
A fistula is an abnormal connection between two hollow organs or cavities. Fistulae from the upper third of the esophagus primarily involve the airway or the mediastinum. Fistulae in the lower two-third of the esophagus may involve the airway, pleural space, pericardial cavity, left atrium, aorta, or peritoneum. There are benign and malignant etiologies. The benign etiologies are typically infectious, congenital, traumatic, or iatrogenic, such as sequelae from prolonged endotracheal intubation causing a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). All of these types of fistulae are rare but can lead to serious complications such as recurrent pneumonia, abscess, empyema, or hemorrhage. In this section, we will split the topic into esophageal fistula to an airway or other organ space, and esophageal fistula to a blood vessel or heart.