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Designing for Foot and Ankle Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Skin serves as the protective covering for the ankle and foot. Skin thickness varies by area depending on the degree of protection needed. The skin of the sole is thicker than the skin of the dorsum, especially in the major weight-bearing areas—the heel, lateral edge, and ball of the foot (Moore et al., 2014, p. 610). A subcutaneous plantar fat pad of specially organized adipose tissue cushions the muscles, ligaments, and bones above (Hills, Hennig, Byrne, & Steele, 2002). Toenails, essentially hardened dead skin cells, protect the toes. The skin of the sole is hairless and infused with many sweat glands (but no oil glands), all of which create design challenges.
An update on research and outcomes in surgical management of vaginal mesh complications
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Dominic Lee, Philippe E. Zimmern
We have previously published our technique on mid-urethral sling excision [26]. An urethra-cystoscopy is first performed with a 17.5 Fr female scope to assess the course of the sling which, if too tight presents as a kink of the urethra. We prefer to perform a transverse vaginal incision along the direction of the vaginal ridges to allow access to the lateral extensions of the MUS and to facilitate repair for overt urethral injury during MUS excision by allowing the insertion of a Martius fat pad graft and/or a fascial patch as tissue interposition over the urethral repair. In some instance, hydro-dissection may be useful, although not routinely utilized, if prior procedures have resulted in a very scarred and thin vaginal wall.
Aerobic exercise training performed by parents reduces mice offspring adiposity
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Paulo Vitor da Silva Romero, Débora Alves Guariglia, Francielli Ferreira Da Rocha, Caroline de Carvalho Picoli, Gustavo Renan Gilio, Gabriel Sergio Fabricio, Paulo Cesar de Freitas Mathias, Solange Marta Franzói de Moraes, Sidney Barnabé Peres
Table 1 presents the following parameters of male offspring at 21 days of age: body weight, Lee index, fat pad weight, sum of visceral and total white fat pad weight, adipocyte diameter and glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol VLDL and total cholesterol.