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Neuro-Ophthalmology
Published in Anthony N. Nicholson, The Neurosciences and the Practice of Aviation Medicine, 2017
‘Arrangement’ tests are designed to assess hue discrimination in a more systematic manner than is possible with pseudo-isochromatic plates. The best known is the Farnsworth–Munsell 100-hue test (Farnsworth, 1943) (Figure 17.4) with its little cousin, the dichotomous D15. The subject is required to arrange a series of coloured chips in colour order which is, of course, only possible if the subject can discriminate the small steps in colour difference. The significance of ‘100’ hues is that this is at about the limit of discriminable colours at the saturation and brightness used, but in practice there are only 88 in the test. In view of the large number of chips and the fact that the entire colour circle is represented, the 100-hue test can be used to characterize colour deficits other than Daltonism. The D15 panel is specifically designed to categorize congenital anomalies by limiting the set to the colours required for that purpose. Lanthony (1978) has devised a desaturated version of the D15 which is more useful in acquired disease. It has a smaller set of hues, but they are desaturated and therefore more likely to be confused by patients with, for example, optic nerve disease. In other words, it is a compromise between the ease of use of the D15 and the sensitivity of the 100-hue test.
An Adjusted Error Score Calculation for the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test
Published in LEUKOS, 2019
The Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test (FM-100) is a physical test of hue discrimination, consisting of 85 colored caps whose chromaticities are distributed around the hue circle. It contains four separate trays of caps—tray A is nominally red to red–orange, B is yellow to yellow–green, C is green to green–blue, and D is indigo to indigo–magenta—that are moveable between two fixed, colored end caps (Fig. 1). The test is used to evaluate the hue discrimination ability of an individual, to classify that individual into superior, average, or low discrimination ability, and to identify individual color anomaly (Farnsworth 1957). The FM-100 hue test is largely used as a research tool to understand normal color vision (Kinnear and Sahraie 2002; Malone and Hannay 1977) and to detect and study its deficiencies (Farnsworth 1943; Moreland et al. 2014; Verriest 1963, 1974; Vingrys et al. 1992). It is also used as a clinical screening test of color vision for professionals in color-critical applications such as manufacturing (paints, dyes, et cetera) and health care.