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The Skull and Brain
Published in Melanie Franklyn, Peter Vee Sin Lee, Military Injury Biomechanics, 2017
Kwong Ming Tse, Long Bin Tan, Heow Pueh Lee
In the early 1990s, King and his team from Wayne State University (WSU) spent their efforts to build a 3D FE model of human skull and brain, which was regarded as the first version of the Wayne State University Head Injury Model (WSUHIM) (Figure 10.2a). The developer, Ruan and colleagues (Ruan et al. 1993), then used the WSUHIM to investigate the effect of lateral impacts on head injury. This preliminary version of the WSUHIM consisted of 6,080 nodes and 7,351 elements, with the skull, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) modelled as eight-noded hexahedron elements while the scalp, dura mater and falx cerebri comprised four-noded shell elements. The outputs of this model have only been compared with the time histories of the impact force, head acceleration and ICP obtained from a single cadaveric experiment from the study by Nahum and colleagues (Nahum et al. 1977).
Central nervous system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The cerebrum is the largest part and occupies the anterior and middle cranial fossae. It is divided into the right and left cerebral hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure, which contains the falx cerebri. The two hemispheres are joined below the falx by the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes – frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital – that correspond to the overlying bony structure (Fig. 11.1b).
Brain tissue analysis of impacts to American football helmets
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Andrew Post, Marshall Kendall, Janie Cournoyer, Clara Karton, R. Anna Oeur, Lauren Dawson, T. Blaine Hoshizaki
The version of the WSUBIM that was used for the simulations was comprised of 281,800 nodes and 314,500 elements (hexahedral brick and shell), with 8 nodes to each hexahedral element. The total mass of the model was 4.5 kg. The anatomy of the model included the scalp, skull, dura, falx cerebri, tentorium and falx cerebelli, pia, venous sinuses, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), lateral and third ventricles, cerebrum (grey and white matter), cerebellum, brain stem, and parasagittal bridging veins (Figure 6). The material properties of the model are presented in Tables 2 and 3 (Zhang et al. 2001). A linear viscoelastic material model combined with a large-deformation theory was used for the brain tissue, with the shear modulus of the viscoelastic brain represented as:
Biomechanical comparison of concussions with and without a loss of consciousness in elite American football: implications for prevention
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2021
Janie Cournoyer, T. Blaine Hoshizaki
The WSUBIM included the skull, scalp, dura mater, pia mater, falx cerebri, falx and tentorium cerebelli, cerebrospinal fluid, lateral and third ventricles, cerebrum (grey and white matter), cerebellum, brainstem, parasagittal bridging veins and venous sinuses for a total of 314, 500 elements (hexahedral brick and shell), and a mass of 4.5 kg (Zhang, et al., 2001). The brain tissue was modelled using a combination of a linear viscoelastic model and a large-deformation theory (Zhang, et al., 2001). The shear modulus of the viscoelastic brain was characterised as:
Influence of the corpus callosum anatomy on its mechanical behavior during a lateral impact. A finite element study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
P.-M. François, B. Sandoz, P. Decq, S. Laporte
The aim of this study is, therefore, to evaluate the influence of the geometry of the corpus callosum (CC), relative to falx cerebri (FC), on its mechanical behaviour during a lateral impact (Hardy et al. 2007). This study is based on a parametrised finite element model of the human head.