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Environmental and Occupational Injury Control
Published in Herman Koren, Best Practices for Environmental Health, 2017
One third of adults aged 65 and older fall each year; 20–30% of these individuals suffer moderate to severe injuries which may affect their ability to live independently and may be a cause of early death. Falls in older adults result in hospitalizations five times more than other types of causation of injuries. Falls are the leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries in this age group. People who fall will frequently fall again within a short period of time. In 2010, there were 2.3 million non-fatal fall injuries among older people which were treated in emergency departments and more than 662,000 of these people were hospitalized. The direct medical costs were $30 billion. About 21,700 older adults died from unintentional fall injuries, with men having a considerably higher rate. People age 75 or older fall four to five times more often than those aged 65–74 and are therefore more apt to be placed in a long-term care facility. Falls in older people account for over 95% of hip fractures as well as numerous traumatic brain injuries. An unwanted complication of the falls for the individuals is the fear of falling again, which may limit the persons’ lifestyle and creates a greater dependency on family as well as other people. (See endnotes 6, 7, 8.)
Association between subjective cognitive decline and falls in middle-aged adults
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2022
Cognitive abilities progressively decline throughout the adult lifespan, beginning in young adulthood (Murman, 2015). Previous studies have suggested a strong link between cognitive impairment and falls in older adults (Allali et al., 2017; Ansai et al., 2019; Montero-Odasso & Speechley, 2018; Muir et al., 2012; Tyrovolas et al., 2016), and several novel programs have been suggested to improve cognition and prevent falls in at-risk older adults (Franco et al., 2020; Northey et al., 2018; Ogawa et al., 2020; Sherrington et al., 2019). However, the association between cognitive impairment and falls in other age groups has not been assessed. Therefore, we address the following research hypothesis among middle-aged Korean adults: people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) experience more falling and have more fear of falling than those without SCD.
Effect of simulated sensorimotor noise on kinematic variability and stability of a biped walking model
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Sina Mehdizadeh, Paul S. Glazier
Falls represent a major health problem in older adults and are the dominant cause of debilitating injuries and premature death in individuals over 65 years old. Approximately one-third of community-dwelling older adults fall each year of which 24 percent sustain serious injuries such as hip fractures (Lee et al. 2013). Falls in older adults have multi-factorial causes such as impaired balance and gait, polypharmacy, history of previous falls, advancing age, female gender, visual impairments, cognitive decline, and environmental factors (Ambrose et al. 2013).
Effect of speed on mediolateral dynamic stability during stepping in older adults
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
T. Caderby, J. Begue, N. Peyrot, G. Dalleau
Falls in the elderly are a major public health concern, because of devastating physical and psychological consequences among this population. A large proportion of falls in older adults occurs during daily activities such as walking or stepping. These falls often result from incorrect weight transfers (Robinovitch et al. 2013), which could be associated with difficulties experienced by the elderly in controlling mediolateral stability (Rogers et al. 2001).